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Massage Therapy > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

what structures are in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis anterior
EHL
EDL
deep fibular nerve
Tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Anterior tibial artery and vein

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2
Q

what structures are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibialis posterior
FDL
FHL
popliteus
tibial nerve

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3
Q

what structures are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

gractrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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4
Q

what structures are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
Fibularis tertius
Superficial fibular nerve

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5
Q

what are the tom dick harry muscles?

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

(all are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg)

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6
Q

acute/subacute/chronic timeframes and symptoms

A

acute: 0-4 days
Red, inflamed, heat, spasm, guarding, bruising, reduced ROM

subacute: 4 days - 3 weeks
Less inflammation, bruise yellow, decreased ROM, weakness, pocket edema, adhesions

chronic: 3 weeks +
Inflammation and swelling likely gone (chronic inflammation possible), decreased ROM, weakness, adhesions, trigger points

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7
Q

what movements make up supination of the foot?

A

Inversion, adduction , plantarflexion

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8
Q

what movements make up pronation of the foot?

A

Abduction, dorsiflexion, eversion

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9
Q

Borders of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament (superior)
Adductor Longus (medial)
Sartorius (lateral)

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10
Q

What’s inside the femoral triangle? (Lateral to medial)

A

VAN is medial to lateral so

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein

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11
Q

What makes up the terrible and oh so angry triad?

A

Medial meniscus, MCL, ACL

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12
Q

Largest joint in the body?

A

Tibiofemoral

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13
Q

Knee joint made up of what two primary articulations?

A

Tibiofemoral joint
Patellofemoral joint

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14
Q

What function does the patella have?

A

Protect knee from direct trauma

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15
Q

Normal end feel for knee extension with and without hip flexed?

A

With hip flexed: soft tissue stretch (from hamstrings)
Without hip flexed: firm tissue stretch

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16
Q

Normal end feel for knee flexion?

A

Soft tissue approximation
Tissue stretch

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17
Q

ACL - full name and where does it attach?

A

anterior crucial ligament attaches anterior tibia and posterior femur

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18
Q

PCL - full name and where it attaches

A

posterior cruciate ligament attached posterior tibia and anterior femur

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19
Q

MCL - full name and attachments

A

Medial collateral ligaments attaches to medial femur, medial meniscus, medial tibia (under pes anserinus tendon)

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20
Q

LCL - full name and attachment sites

A

Lateral collateral ligament attaches lateral femur to head of fibula

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21
Q

ACL injury would result in what muscles being hypertonic?

A

Hamstrings

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22
Q

PCL injury would result in what muscles being hypertonic?

A

Quads

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23
Q

LCL injury would result in what muscles being hypertonic?

A

Abductors, TFL, glute max

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24
Q

8 pulse points

A

Temporal artery - lateral to eye
Common carotid artery - lateral to larynx
Brachial artery - medial side of biceps brachii
Radial artery - at wrist
Femoral artery - inferior to inguinal ligament
Popliteal artery - behind knee
Posterior tibial artery - posterior to medial malleolus
Dorsalis pedis artery - top of foot superior to instep

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25
Q

Deltoid ligament made up of what ligaments (tibio-town)

A

Anterior TIBIOtalar
Posterior TIBIOtalar
TIBIOnavicular
TIBIOcalcaneal

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26
Q

What are the lateral ligaments of the ankle? (-fibular)

A

Anterior taloFIBULAR (*most common lateral sprain)
Posterior taloFIBULAR
CalcaneoFIBULAR

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27
Q

What is the spring ligament?

A

Plantar calncaneonavicular - stabilizes the medial longitudinal arch

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28
Q

What six things pass through tarsal tunnel?

A

Anterior to posterior: tendons of TOM, DICK, HARRY
Tibial nerve
Posterior tibial artery and vein

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29
Q

What muscle tendon make up pes anserinus tendon?

A

GST - Gracilis, Sartorius, Semitendinosus

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30
Q

Longest muscle in body

A

Sartorius

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31
Q

C1 also known as

A

Atlas

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32
Q

C2 also known as

A

Axis

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33
Q

What is the defining structure of the axis?

A

Odontoid process or “dens”

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34
Q

What is the ALL and where is it and what does it do?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament runs down anterior spine and limits extension

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35
Q

What is the PLL , where is it, what does it do?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament runs down posterior spine and limits flexion, distraction and protects from disc herniation

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36
Q

5 cervical endangerment sites

A

Anterior triangle
Posterior triangle
Inferior to ear
Axilla
Medial brachium

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37
Q

What borders the anterior triangle of the neck? And what’s inside it?

A

SCM, mandible, trachea

Carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, lymph nodes

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38
Q

What borders posterior triangle of neck and what’s inside?

A

SCM, trapezius, clavicle

Brachial plexus nerve roots, subclavian artery, jugular vein, lymph nodes

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39
Q

Whats in the endangerment site inferior to the ear?

A

External carotid artery
Facial nerve

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40
Q

What’s in the axilla endangerment site?

A

Brachial plexus nerves, axillary artery, bascilic vein, lymph nodes

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41
Q

What’s in the medial brachium endangerment site?

A

Between biceps and triceps on upper inner arm…

Ulnar, median, musculocutaneous nerves, brachial artery, bascilic vein, lymph nodes

42
Q

Explain concave convex rule

A

If the moving joint surface is CONVEX, sliding is in the OPPOSITE direction of angular movement of the bone

If the moving joint surface is CONCAVE, sliding is in the SAME direction of angular movement of the bone

43
Q

Name some principles of joint play

A
  • client relaxed, no guarding
  • good positioning for therapist to maintain longer holds
  • mobilize distal on proximal surface
  • move slowly
  • do not perform when joint is fully approximated
  • perform at -10 degrees of point of restriction
  • 1 joint, 1 direction at a time
  • don’t do if pain, watch for client comfort
  • assessments are done in resting position
  • joint is in a stabilized position
  • do not lever joint
  • ROM increased opposite to direction of play if convex on concave
44
Q

Close packed position of ankle

A

Full dorsiflexion

45
Q

Close packed position of knee

A

Full extension (and lateral rotation?)

46
Q

Type of joint: ankle

A

Synovial hinge, convex on concave (opposite roll and glide direction)

47
Q

Ankle capsular pattern

A

Plantarflexion more restricted than dorsiflexion

48
Q

Resting position of ankle

A

10 degrees plantar flexion

49
Q

Joint type: knee

A

Synovial modified hinge, concave on convex (same direction)

50
Q

Knee resting position

A

25 degrees of flexion

51
Q

What joint play would you use to increase flexion of the knee?

A

Posterior glide of tibia on femur

52
Q

What joint play would you use to increase extension of the knee?

A

Anterior glide of tibia on femur

53
Q

Joint play to increase plantar flexion?

A

Anterior glide of talus via calcaneus

54
Q

Joint play to increase dorsiflexion?

A

Posterior glide of talus via calcaneus

55
Q

Joint play to increase overall ROM of ankle ?

A

Distraction of talus on tibia and fibula

56
Q

What does joint play involve and what do it do?

A

Rocking, shaking, and traction

Increases successive action in joint
Increases overall ROM

57
Q

4 types of TOS

A

1 - true TOS (extra cervical rib)
2 - anterior scalene syndrome (brachial plexus -often ulnar nerve- compressed between anterior and middle scalene
3 - costoclavicular syndrome (vascular and nerve compression between clavicle and first rib)
4 - Pectoralis minor syndrome (vascular and nerve compression between pec minor and rib cage)

58
Q

3 types of prepatellar bursitis

A

Acute, chronic infected, chronic non-septic

59
Q

WAD stands for…

A

Whiplash associated disorder

60
Q

Why do we use diaphragmatic breathing?

A

Encourages relaxation, calms nervous system, pain reduction

61
Q

Why do we use lymphatic drainage?

A

Promotes fluid movement, decrease swelling, clear congestion in lymphatic system

62
Q

Why do we use golgi tendon release?

A

Allows muscles to relax and lengthen (works by activating nerve receptors that protect muscles when excess load is placed on it)
Used on long tendons (Achilles, hamstrings)

63
Q

Why do we use O & I

A

A variation of GTO used on short tendons (infraspinatus, SCM)
Reduces muscle tone and spasm

64
Q

Why do we use cross fibre frictions? What is important to follow it with?

A

Breaks down adhesion in muscles, tendons, and ligaments
Increases collagen production to help repair ligaments
Used in subacute and chronic stages only
Creates inflammation so follow with ice and stretch

65
Q

Why do we use myofacial release?

A

Reduce adhesions in connective tissue
Increase circulation
Reduce pain

66
Q

Why do we perform joint mobilizations?

A

Increase synovial fluid in joint
Relax muscles
Increase successive action in joint

67
Q

Why do we use deep stripping?

A

Increases elongation, elasticity, and pliability of muscle
Decreases hypertonicity
Inactivates trigger points

68
Q

Ankle drawer test assesses…

A

Integrity of anterior talofibular ligament ( the one most commonly sprained with lateral ankle sprain)

69
Q

Talar tilt test assesses for…

A

Integrity of calcaneofibular ligament ( one of the lateral ankle ligaments)

70
Q

Squeeze test assesses for…

A

Syndesmosis ankle sprain

71
Q

Morton’s test for..

A

Morton’s neuroma

72
Q

Dorsiflexion- eversion test is for…

A

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

73
Q

Tibialis posterior compression test assesses for…

A

Shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome)

74
Q

Homan’s sign test for

A

Deep vein thrombosis

75
Q

Thompson test for…

A

Achilles tendon rupture

76
Q

Two tests for achilles tendon rupture:

A

Thompson test and achilles pinch test

77
Q

Windlass test is for…

A

Plantar fasciitis

78
Q

Anterior drawer test (knee) assesses …

A

Integrity of ACL

79
Q

Posterior drawer test (knee) assesses…

A

Integrity of PCL

80
Q

The sag sign or gravity drawer test assesses for

A

Integrity of PCL

81
Q

The lachman test assesses for…

A

Integrity of ACL

82
Q

To test integrity of MCL use the

A

Valgus stress test

83
Q

To test the integrity of the LCL use the

A

Varus stress test

84
Q

Two tests to assess possible ITB friction syndrome..

A

Ober test and noble compression test

85
Q

Clarke’s sign assesses for possible…

A

Patellofemoral pain syndrome/dysfunction

86
Q

What tests would you use to distinguish between meniscus damage vs collateral ligament damage? What if both are positive?

A

Apley’s compression tests for meniscus damage (medial meniscus with medial rotation and vise versa)

Apley’s distraction to test for collateral ligament damage

If both are positive, the ligaments are the culprit

87
Q

What two cervical tests are done first?

A

Chin to chest
Vertebral artery test

88
Q

Chin to chest test looks for…

A

Possible fracture of odontoid process

89
Q

Vertebral artery test assesses for…

A

Circulation deficiency of vertebral artery at transverse foramen

90
Q

We do not do this test is vertebral artery test is positive

A

Spurlings

91
Q

What do we always do after spurling’s test?

A

Distraction

92
Q

What two tests do we use to check for cervical disc pathology or meningeal or dural irritation?

A

Slump test and dural test

93
Q

4 tests to use for TOS

A

Adson maneuver, Allen test, military brace test, wright hyperabduction test

94
Q

+ on the Wright test would indicate…

A

Pec minor TOS

95
Q

+ on the military brace test would indicate…

A

Costoclavicular TOS

96
Q

What two tests indicate for anterior scalene syndrome?

A

Adson maneuver and Allen test

97
Q

4 Positional stages of spurling’s test

A

1 - neutral position, straight down
2 - partial extension
3 - partial extension and rotation to unaffected side
4 - partial extension and rotation to affected side

98
Q

5 Stages of slump test

A

1 - slump forward with upper thoracic region
2 - head and neck fully flexed
3 - leg on affected side is extended at knee
4 - foot is dorsiflexed
5 - client slowly extends head

99
Q

Positioning for military brace test

A

Shoulder down and back

100
Q

Positioning for wright test

A

Arm into hyper abduction as far as possible

(Taking a breath and rotating or extending neck may add to effect)

101
Q

Positioning for Allen test

A

Flex elbow to 90 degrees
Arm into horizontal extension and external rotation
Rotates head to opposite side

102
Q

Positioning for adson maneuver

A

Arm into extension and lateral rotation
Turn head to affected side and tilt chin up
Take deep breath and hold

Massage Therapy (19 decks)

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