midterm ONE - Theories

Question 1

Oasis Hypothese

Answer 1

Raphael Pomelly. As climate got drier, population collects around water. This increase in population and lack of mobility= increase in food supply. Humans + plants= agriculture

Question 2

Demographic Pressure Hypothesis

Answer 2

shift to agriculture is not brought on by any voluntary decision, but solely by need

Question 3

Marginal Zone Hypothesis

Answer 3

Lewis Binford- Kent Flannery

origins of agriculture relate to a response to demographic pressure on margins of optimal environmental zone

Question 4

The Seed Genius

Answer 4

19th century idea that states that seeds make plants. the idea then gets circulated to others and agriculture begins

Question 5

Bering-Ice Free Corridor

Answer 5

• End of Pleistocene
• Small groups from Asia crossing a land bridge to North America
• Barriers include the Bering Strait and the glacial ice that covered North America

Question 6

Pacific Coastal Route

Answer 6

• Rise in sea levels allowed hunter-gatherer-fishers traveling in boats or along the shoreline to colonize north america
• Theory by Knut Fladmark

Question 7

Solutrean/Atlantic Route

Answer 7

People of the Solutrean culture in Ice Age Europe migrated to North America, bringing their methods of making stone tools with them and providing the basis for the later Clovis technology that spread throughout North America.
• Solutrean stone tools are the only stone tool industry that is associated exclusively with H. sapiens.
• The Solutran/Atlantic Hypothesis for the peopling of the New World, points out that there are remarkable similarities between the way Solutran stone tools were made and the way Clovis New world stone tool industries were made. Based on this, they hypothesis suggests that The first colonizers of the new world were Solutrean stone tool-makers from western Europe who somehow (by sea surely) made it to North America.

Question 8

Population Replacement Theory (Out of Africa)

Answer 8

-evolution of hominins took place only in Africa
-then migrated to Eurasia
-those were H. erectus then turning into neanderthals in Eurasia
then H. erectus changed into H. Sapiens in africa and ultimately replacing hominins in eurasia

Question 9

Multiregional evolutionary theory

Answer 9

• H. Erectus migrated out of africa into eurasia

- then they evolved into H. Sapiens at the same time the erectuses evolved into sapiens in Africa

Question 10

Upper Paleolithic transition

Answer 10

40kya-10kya

• 1st evidence of differing human behavior
• 40kya- FMH everywhere in the old world
• Blade technology
• Cave Art- Lascaux, France
• Doni Vestonice-, Czech Republic- mammoth hunter camp and dwellings. Had Gravettian tools. Summer and winter huts.