Final Terms

Question 1

Standard of Ur

Answer 1

This was found in the Royal Tombs of Ur and depicts Sumerian times of War and Peace on either side; a sumerian artifact excavated from the royal cemetery of UR, and it is a hollow box with scenes of war and peace on each side through elaborately inlaid mosaics

Question 2

Narmer Palette

Answer 2

Egyptian (Early Dynastic, Dynasty 1). 3000 BCE.Mudstone. Hierakonpolis. (Narmer wears crown of Upper Egypt and bull’s tail (strength) triumphing over foes and holds rope around head with papyrus (lower egypt); shows the unification of upper and lower egypt, where on one side it shows Narmer wearing the white crown of upper egypt, and on the other side he wears the red crown of lower egypt

Question 3

Rosetta Stone

Answer 3

A huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing.

Question 4

Chinese oracle bones

Answer 4

Have provided useful information about the rulers of the Shang dynasty; Wrote on them, then heated them until cracks formed and then read them. These “foretold the future and the will of spirits.”

Question 5

LIDAR

Answer 5

Light detection and ranging;a technology used in archaeology to detect buildings, remains of roads, agricultural terraces, aqueducts, caves; it can produce three-dimensional imaging and can penetrated the forest canopy

Question 6

Khmer Empire

Answer 6

The most powerful and longest-lasting kingdom on the mainland of southwest Asia, centering in what is today Cambodia; They had no currency, through taxation, the royal court received and distributed large amounts of subsistence goods including rice, fish, salt, honey, oil, and cloth

Question 7

Archaeology

Answer 7

the study of the human past, combing the themes of time and change

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

the means of humam adaption based on past experiences in physical/social environments

Question 9

Matrix

Answer 9

physical material in which archaeological artifacts are found (dirt)

Question 10

Hominid

Answer 10

the group consisting of all modern and extinct Great Apes`

Question 11

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Answer 11

Chad (central Africa). oldest know ancestor (7-6mya). flat face, habitual bipedalism

Question 12

A. Afarensis - Lucy

Answer 12

Hadar, East Africa. 4.2-2.8 mya. Long arms, curved fingers. Bipedal

Question 13

Homo Habilis

Answer 13

East/South Africa 2.5mya-1.6 mya Increase in Brain size. First stone tool maker

Question 14

Homo Erectus

Answer 14

East Africa, Asia, Europe. 1.9mya 143kya. First out of AfricaIncrease in brain size (800-1000cc) Totally upright, postcranial skeleton almost identical to modern human

Question 15

Homo sapiens

Answer 15

200 kya-present. Modern humans. Large brain. Vertical forehead. No brow ridge. Use of LANGUAGE, ART, TECH

Question 16

Neanderthals

Answer 16

200-28kya.Europe SW Asia. Mixof human and ape. Large brain, “big boned” brow bridges.

Question 17

Levels of social/political organization

Answer 17

Bands (hunter gather, egalitarian)Tribes (Segmentary, settled farmers)Chiefdom (kinship ranking, craft specialization)States (classed based hierarchy, centralized bureaucracy, laws, taxes)

Question 18

Tool technologies - Olduwan

Answer 18

-intentionally modified stone tools-suggest increase of meat in diet-Hit stones together to chip away

Question 19

Tool technologies - Achulean

Answer 19

1.5-1.2 mya, made by homo erectus, sharp dual-faced tools with complex shaped edges , too big for arrow tips, mostly hand axes

Question 20

Tool technologies - Mousterian

Answer 20

120-40kya Europe and W. Asia-Middle Paleolithic-flake tools-suggest cognitive advance by neanderthals

Question 21

Tool technologies - Clovis

Answer 21

Paleoindian period in north America, tool defined by a distinctive type of fluted point (New Mexico)

Question 22

Tool technologies - Folsom

Answer 22

Paleoindian period in north America, tool defined by a distinctive type of fluted point but found primarily in the Great Plains

Question 23

Tool technologies - Solutrean

Answer 23

Special flaking technique to make thin, leaf-shaped points in several sizes. Used for spears, arrows, or knives.

Question 24

Hominin

Answer 24

the group consisting of modern humans, extinct human species and all our immediate ancestors

Question 25

Material Culture

Answer 25

the physical evidence of a culture in the objects and architecture they make, or have made. The term tends to be relevant only in archeological and anthropological studies, but it specifically means all material evidence which can be attributed to culture, past or present.

Question 26

Inca Empire

Answer 26

The largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political, and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru

Question 27

Maya

Answer 27

A Mesoamerican civilization. Noted for their script, the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems.

Question 28

Aztec

Answer 28

1200s-1500s, Modern-day Mexico and Guatemala, referred to themselves as the mexica, dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries. They were a state specialized and heirarchically organized politcal formation that orders complex politics.

Question 29

Mexican Flag

Answer 29

Eagle sitting on cactus eating a snake. When the Aztec first ventured into what is now Mexico City, Huitzilopochtli offered his hand in marriage to the local chief’s daughter. After she had died, the chief forced the Aztec out again. The Aztlan were told by Huitzilopochtli to find said symbol and that is where they would settle.

Question 30

Stela 31

Answer 30

378 AD, Guatemala, commemerates the twentieth year of King Siyaj Chan K’awaiil II, one of Tikal’s greatest kings.

Question 31

Mexica-Aztec “Calendar”/Sum Stone

Answer 31

Tenochtitlan, believed to symbolize the creation of the fifth sun and acts as a celebration of the world where the forces of creation and destruction play equal roles.

Question 32

Los Danzantes of Monte Alban

Answer 32

500-200 BC, Monte Alban, more than 300 stone figures carved into one of the first public buildings. The figures probably represent captives of war, not dancers.

Question 33

Olmec Cascajal Block

Answer 33

1000 BC, Veracruz lowlands of Mexico, may represent the earliest writing system in the New World. Shows the complexity and sophistication of the Olmec civilization.

Question 34

Birth of Huitzilopochtli

Answer 34

Aztec diety of war, sun, human sacrifice and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan

Question 35

Mexica Migration (Azlan to Tenochtitlan)

Answer 35

1200s, Before the Mexica arrives, the Basin of Mexico was made up of 50 small petty states. 200 years later, they were the most powerful people in Mesoamerica. They were viewed as barbarians, and repeatedly driven away. They eventually conquered the area and built their empire. The Aztlan were told by their god that they would find an eagle with a snake in its mouth and that is where they would build their empire. Named it Tenochtitlan.

Question 36

Bird God of San Bartolo

Answer 36

creator deity in the sky, wings inscribed with signs for day and night, San Bartolo murals have the bird deity seated on top of each of the four world trees…(on the west wall of San Bartolo)

Question 37

Seven Cities of Cibola

Answer 37

Spanish explorer Francisco Vazquez de Coronado on his ill-fated quest in 1541 to find the fabled Seven Cities of Cibola. The expedition, which included hundreds of soldiers and Native American guides, lasted two years and traversed some 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers) of the American West. In the end, no cities of gold were found, and Coronado returned empty-handed and in debt.
myth that led to many expeditions by conquistadors in 16th century, friar de nizam reported to spanish officials that he had seen the legendary cities of gold