Midterm: Lecture 2

Question 1

What controls temp regulation

Answer 1

homeostasis. receptors respond to change

Question 2

Physical mechanisms

Answer 2

conduction, convection, radiation, conversion or evaporation.

Question 3

What stimulates A beta fibers

Answer 3

heat, ice, shaking or rubbing

Question 4

Conduction

Answer 4

heat loss or gain through direct contact between materials with different temps

Question 5

Factors of mechanisms

Answer 5

Time of exposure
Intensity
Temp difference
Thermal conductivity

Question 6

Convention

Answer 6

transference of heat to a body by the movement of air, matter, or liquid. ie. whirlpool, sauna

Question 7

Radiation:

Answer 7

transfer of heat from a warmer source to a cooler source. ie. heat lamp

Question 8

Conversion

Answer 8

temp change that results when energy is transformed from one form to another. Eg. Ultrasound

Question 9

Evaporation

Answer 9

transformation from a liquid to a gas. This requires an energy exchange. Eg. Sweating

Question 10

2 categories of heat

Answer 10

superficial (1-3 cm) and deep ( 3-5cm)

Question 11

Effects of heat

Answer 11

Mild- less than 40 degrees

Vigorous- 40-45 degrees

Question 12

Goals of heat

Answer 12

decreased pain
increased Rom
reduce spasm and guarding
improves tissue extensibility

Question 13

Deep heat has what cause on muscle spindles

Answer 13

Reduction which excites GTO which causes relaxation

Question 14

After applying heat when does strength increase

Answer 14

2.5 hours later

Question 15

To reach superficial heating

Answer 15

15-30 minutes of heat needed

Question 16

Hydrocollator Packs

Answer 16

Filled with silica gel or clay,
in tanks of temps – 71-79 deg C
required 20-30 minutes of re-heating before it reaches its optimal temp

Question 17

Heat delivered by conduction and the temp change depends upon:

Answer 17

Size of area being treated
Temp of the pack
And duration of application

Question 18

When is max temp reached

Answer 18

First 10 minutes and maintained for another 10

Question 19

General Contraindications

for Heat Applications

Answer 19

Acute injury/inflammation
Uncovered open wounds
 Compromised circulation
Anesthetic skin
Pregnancy

Question 20

Prior to Heat:

Answer 20

Skin checked
Area exposed
Tell client what to expect

Question 21

Maintenance:

Answer 21

Drained and cleaned every 2 weeks

Cleaned with low abrasive bathroom cleaner

Question 22

Paraffin

Answer 22

Paraffin baths are a combination of paraffin wax and mineral oil
Heats through conduction
Dip and wrap, technique

Question 23

Fluidotherapy

Answer 23

stimulates both mechanoreceptors and thermoreceptors

machine has particles of cellulose that are moved by convective currents of hot air.

Question 24

Advantages of fluidotherapy over Paraffin and Hydroc

Answer 24

Patient can exercise during Tx

Does not cool with time

Question 25

Diathermy

Answer 25

• Deep heating agent

Non-ionizing radiation

Question 26

Cryotheraphy:

Answer 26

Cold packs, ice massage and cold whirlpool
Used to decrease pain, edema and decrease muscle spasm
`

Question 27

Physiologic Effects of Cold

Answer 27

vasoconstriction

reflex vasodilation

Question 28

Treatment Goals

Answer 28

Pain – A beta and C fiber stim
Muscle Spasm – decrease muscle spindle activity
Inflammation – vasoconstriction
Edema- vasoconstriction

Question 29

Edema

Answer 29

vasoconstriction, cooling can affect cell wall permeability

Question 30

Cold Application

Answer 30

Ice massage: intense cold
Cold packs
Ice bath

Question 31

Heat vs Cold

Answer 31

area not warm 
no swelling 
no pain limiting rom
use heat 
if yes to questions use cold