Midterm: Lecture 1

Question 1

Modalities

Answer 1

Therapeutic method or physical treatment such as surgery, chemo, electrotherapy

Question 2

Common modalities in PT

Answer 2

electrotherapy, ultrasound, laser

Question 3

Non direct activities related to modalities

Answer 3

Cleaning/ Care
Storage
Maintenance

Question 4

Effects of pain

Answer 4

spasm, weakness, decreased ROm, fatigue

Question 5

Red Flag signs

Answer 5

pain radiation down upper extremity, jaw pain

Night sweats and weight loss

Question 6

Response to Pain

Answer 6

muscle tension, blood pressure up, swelling

Question 7

Some common pain chemicals

Answer 7

potassium, serotonin, histamine, substance P . Chemicals stimulate pain neurons

Question 8

Types of Pain

Answer 8

Acute: short lived
Chronic: more than 3 months. Pain uncertain
Referred Pain: pain felt distant from location

Question 9

Common mechanisms for chronic pain

Answer 9

Mechanical- nerve entrapment 
Chem- 
Regeneration- nerves regrowing 
Relfexes- persistent motor reflexes 
Inhibitory failure- failure of CNS to release opiates ie. SCI pain

Question 10

Chronic pain requires

Answer 10

Team approach

Chronic pain cycle

Question 11

Referred pain:

Answer 11

pain from deep structures but felt at distant site.

Organs capable of referred pain

Question 12

Some pain scales

Answer 12

• Visual analogue scale (1-10 scale)

McGill Pain Questionnaire (3 categories- sensory, affective, evaluative)

Question 13

Disability and Health-Related Quality of Life Scales

Answer 13

Quality of Well-Being Scale (QWB)
Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)
Duke Health Profile (DHP)
Short Form-36 (SF-36)

Question 14

Pain Perception

Answer 14

signals are picked up be sensory receptors and the signals are transmitted to the brain

Question 15

Pain receptors

Answer 15

nociceptors

Question 16

3 peripheral fibers

Answer 16

A delta: sharp and pricking sensation

C fibers: produce a longer lasting burning sensation

Question 17

Gate Control Theory:

Answer 17

A and C fibers transmit pain to SG to dorsal horn. Signal mixed with non-nociceptive and sent to thalamus

Question 18

Endogenous Opiates

Answer 18

bodies natural pain killers. endorphins, dopamine, serotonin, enkephalins,

Question 19

Tissue Repair

Answer 19

3 stages: inflammation: 1-10 days. swelling, increased temp

proliferative: 3-20 days.
remodelling: after day 9

Question 20

Cord Junctions

Answer 20

Action potentials arrive at junctions

Question 21

Cycle of pain

Answer 21

Pain- muscle tension- reduced circulation-muscle shortening- restricted movement- trigger points

Question 22

Observable responses

Answer 22

skin colour
Circulatory irreg
skin surface temp

Question 23

2 categories for massage

Answer 23

relaxation

therapeutic

Question 24

Therapeutic massage defined

Answer 24

series of manipulations of body with scientific knowledge

Question 25

Goals for massage

Answer 25

optimal function prevent further injury maintain/ increase tissue increase joint mobility

Question 26

Physiological and mechanical effects of massage

Answer 26

increase blood and circulation reduce pain boost immune system joint mobility increase muscle tone increase flexibility

Question 27

Conditions treated with massage

Answer 27

strains, inflexibility, headaches, insomnia, chronic pain

Question 28

Contraindications

Answer 28

lump, skin conditions, burn, open lesion, fever, cancer

Question 29

3 types:

Answer 29

Effleurage Petrissage Tapotment