Final: Lecture 7

Question 1

EMS

Answer 1

electrical muscle stimulation – done to maintain muscle viability

Question 2

NMES

Answer 2

neuromuscular electrical stim – stimulating innervated mm to restore function

Question 3

FES

Answer 3

functional electrical stim

Question 4

TENS

Answer 4

transcutaneous electrical nerve stim

Question 5

IFC

Answer 5

Interferential Current – 4 electrodes. Used for pain. 2 currents – interfering.

Question 6

Atoms

Answer 6

electrically charged.

Question 7

inner part of nucleus is what kind of charge

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

6 key atoms

Answer 8

• Carbon
  
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorous
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
    Magnesium

Question 9

Conductors

Answer 9

reactive to atoms. Nerves and muscles good conductors

Question 10

Inuslators

Answer 10

materials with atoms that have stable outer shell. Skin and fat

Question 11

Direct Current

Answer 11

Electrons flowing continuously in 1 direction

Question 12

Alternating current

Answer 12

Periodic reversal of electron flow

Question 13

Ohm Law

Answer 13

V= I x R *

Current and resistance inversely related

Question 14

Impedance

Answer 14

opposition of electrical circuits to flow of AC.

Question 15

Waveform

Answer 15

visual representation of the pulse

Question 16

Pulse can either be :

Answer 16

monophasic or biphasic

Question 17

why is biphasic better?

Answer 17

prevent ion build-up and abnormal pH

Question 18

Current in TENS machine

Answer 18

asymmetrical biphasic

Question 19

amplitude

Answer 19

maximum current delivered in one phase

Question 20

E-stim is capable of generating 4 levels of stimulation:

Answer 20

subsensory, sensory, motor and noxious. From less current to more.

Question 21

Rise time

Answer 21

take for the amplitude to increase from zero to peak amplitude

Question 22

Decay time

Answer 22

time it takes for peak amp to decrease back down to zero

Question 23

Pulse width

Answer 23

Duration of a pulse wave.

Question 24

Longer pulse width =

Answer 24

motor neuron

Question 25

Shorter pulse width =

Answer 25

sensory

Question 26

low frequency

Answer 26

tetany or muscle twitch

Question 27

high frequency and low pulse width

Answer 27

acute

Question 28

Low frequency plus high pulse

Answer 28

chronic

Question 29

TENS units

Answer 29

treat pain

Question 30

3 main things adjusted on most TENS units are:

Answer 30

Frequency Pulse width Amplitude (dials on top)= intensity

Question 31

Contraindications:

Answer 31

``` Pregnancy - Pacemakers - Cancer - Or near DVT Over carotid sinus ```

Question 32

When does motor response occur

Answer 32

5mA (milli-ams)

Question 33

When body at rest, the sodium pump is

Answer 33

negative inside and positive outside

Question 34

Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

Answer 34

-60 to -90 mV

Question 35

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 35

speed up transmission

Question 36

How is impedance lessened?

Answer 36

by warming and wetting the area