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Ther 231 PTA III > Midterm: Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Midterm: Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space between the lungs which contains the heart, the aorta, and vena cava

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2
Q

Percardium

A

cavity that surrounds heart

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3
Q

Cardiac Innervation:

A

5th cranial nerve

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4
Q

Valgus nerve responsible for:

A

Heart rate
Force of each contraction
Cardiac output

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5
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Increases heart rate
Increases the force of contraction
“Fight or flight response”

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6
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Decreases heart rate
Reduces force of contraction
Constricts the coronary arteries

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7
Q

Sinuatrial Node:

A

Positioned on wall of right atrium
Depolarization causing muscle to contract
Automatic nervous system

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8
Q

Average resting cardiac rate

A

70 beats per min

Range between 60-70

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9
Q

Four vital signs

A

HR, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature

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10
Q

Factors Affecting Heart Rate

A 
Age
Gender
Environmental Temperature
Infection
Physical Activity
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11
Q

Male or womens rest heart rate

A

Male- 70 bpm

Women- 75 bpm

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12
Q

What is resting heart rate for?

A

determines one’s training target heart rate zone

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13
Q

infant/neonatal rate of heartbeat

A

130-150 bpm

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14
Q

toddler’s heartbeat

A

100-130 bpm

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15
Q

Adolescent heart beat

A

80-100 bpm

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16
Q

HR Max

A

220 – age = theoretical maximum based on age

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17
Q

Cardiac Arrythmias

A

Life threatening medical emergencies

Quite benign and normal

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18
Q

Pulse points

A 
Carotid 
Femoral 
Popliteal 
Radial 
Brachial 
Dorsalis 
Tibialis posterior
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19
Q

Pulse

A

described by rate, rhythm and volume

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20
Q

Pacemakers

A

tiny, electrical signals to heart

designed to correct bradycardia

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21
Q

ICD

A

small device in chest/ abdomen

electrical pulses

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22
Q

Normal BP

A

Systolic between 90 and 135mmHg

Diastolic between 50 and 90mmHg

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23
Q

Common Types of BP Medication

A

Diuretics: flush out excess water/ sodium
Beta-blockers: slows down heat to decrease BP
ACE inhibitors: vessels relax
Calcium channel blockers: keeps calcium from entering to make vessels relax

24
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

percentage of haemoglobin (Hb) which is saturated with oxygen.

25
Q

What level should oxygen saturation be at?

A

above 95%

26
Q

Cardiac evaluation tools

A

hx, heart rate, bp, fitness testing etc

27
Q

CAD (coronary artery disease)

A

leads to inadequate oxygenation of an area of myocardium and cell death
Blockages cause angina - pain

28
Q

Angina

A

most common symptom of CAD

29
Q

Stable angina

A

chest pain or discomfort occurring with activity or stress

30
Q

Unstable angina

A

less stable, can be warning for heart attack

31
Q

Most common congenital heart defects

A

occur in the ventricular septum- Ventriculoseptal defect (VSD).

32
Q

2 basic valve problems:

A

Incompetence as a result of poorly functioning valves

Stenosis or narrowing caused by the valve’s inability to open fully

33
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

enlarged heart due to hypertrophy by overwork

34
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to the body’s other organs.

35
Q

Common signs of heart failure

A

swollen legs or ankles or difficulty breathing.

36
Q

Sternal Precautions

A 
avoid reaching behind you 
avoid reaching out to your side
avoid stretching arms above head
Avoid heavy lifting 
Avoid pushing/ pulling 
Two hands better than one
37
Q

How long are precautions in place?

A

8-12 weeks

38
Q

Stress Test

A

evaluated during exercise or load

39
Q

Heart Rate Variability (HRV)

A

the variation of beat-to-beat intervals.

40
Q

Heart Rate Recovery

A

Heart rate returns to resting faster for fit person than unfit

41
Q

HRR : heart rate recovery

A

difference between a person’s resting heart rate and maximum heart rate.

42
Q

Calculation of HRR

A

HRR = HRmax − HRrest

43
Q

Cardiac Rehab

A

Supervised program that includes exercise, lifestyle changes, emotional support

44
Q

Rehab factors

A

Contraindications
THR zone
Respiratory rate
signs of distress

45
Q

Methods to measure exercise intensity

A

Borg Perceived Exertion Scale
Talk Test
Training Heart Rate Zone

46
Q

Borg Perceived Exertion Scale

A

exertion best between 12-14

47
Q

Target Heat Rate:

A

Receive the most benefit from a workout in a safe way

HR= Hrmax x %intensity

48
Q

Healthy Heart Zone (Warm up)

A

50–60% of maximum heart rate:

49
Q

Fitness Zone (Fat Burning)

A

60–70% of maximum heart rate:

50
Q

Aerobic Zone (Endurance Training)

A

70–80% of maximum heart rate:

51
Q

Anaerobic Zone (Performance Training)

A

80–90% of maximum heart rate:

52
Q

Red Line (Maximum Effort)

A

90–100% of maximum heart rate:

53
Q

Some Light-Intensity Activities:

A

Walking slowly
Golf, powered cart
Swimming, slow treading
Gardening or pruning

54
Q

Moderate-Intensity Activities

A

Walking briskly
Golf, pulling or carrying clubs
Swimming, recreational

55
Q

Vigorous-Intensity Activities

A

Race walking, jogging or running
Swimming laps
Mowing lawn, hand mower
Tennis, singles

Ther 231 PTA III (9 decks)

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