Final: Paed's Neuro Flashcards
Neurological Deficits
impairments in muscle tone, sensation, range of motion, strength or coordination
Goals for low tone
and joint hypermobility need to be stabilized
Goals for increased muscle tone
limited joint range need mobility and muscle extensibility
PT Goals Infancy
promote symmetry, limit abnormal postures and movements, and facilitates normal motor development
CP
most frequently encountered neurological condition
CP is diagnosed when
motor milestones and exhibits abnormal muscle tone
Motor cortex afffects
Spastic: resistance to passive movement, typically gives way as more pressure is applied
Brain Stem affects –
Rigid: ‘stiffness’ is present throughout the ROM
Cerebellum
Ataxic (Ataxia): poor balance/coordination
Basal Ganglia
Athetoid (Athetosis): repetitive, slow, involuntary movements
4 Types of CP
spastic(stiff), athetoid(dyskinetic), ataxia(rare), mixed
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
sensory rootlets from the lower extremity are selectively cut
(reduces spasticity in the leg)
Spina Bifida
varying degrees of neurological impairment, depending on severity and
primary neurological impairments
failure of the neural tube to close, and secondary orthopedic impairments
Secondary orthopedic impairments
abnormal muscle function around the joint and decreased mobility,
kyphosis and scoliosis
deformities of spine
Common limitations in children with SB include
tightness in hip flexors, hip adductors and dorsiflexors or evertors of the ankle
common form of muscular Dystrophy.
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular Dystrophy.
MD
progressive muscle weakness which starts in the legs and pelvis and later affects the whole body
Gower’s Sign
children’s use of their arms to push themselves erect by moving their hands up their thighs due to weakness in proximal muscle groups
primary impairment in MD
weakness secondary to progressive loss of myofibrils.
Secondary impairments of MD
include the development of contractures and postural misalignment.
Postural misalignment
antigravity postures such as standing can result in scoliosis.
MD in adolescence
progression of weakness and contractures
Traumatic Brain Injury
anatomic and physiological differences and developmental milestones achieved prior to injury
TBI most common from
falls.
Down’s Syndrome
Trisomy 21 (extra chromosome) Low tone, late achieving motor milestones
DCD
Developmental Coordination Disorder
General clumsiness, lack of coordination, poor strength
