Final: Paed's Ortho Flashcards
Developmental Dysplasia of Hip
congenital defect in which there is abnormal formation of the hip joint and the femoral head is not stable in the acetabulum
Ortolani Test
posterior dislocation of the hip
distinctive ‘clunk’
Pavlik harness or von Rosen
splints are commonly used in infants up to the age of six months to spread the legs apart
Used for 23 hours a day
If DDH is diagnosed after age 6 months
abduction brace used
Legg-Calve-Perthe’s
degeneration of the head of the femur from a disturbance in blood flow
The age of diagnosis
2 and 12 years old, with the average age of 6
LCPD Clinical Signs and Symptoms
limp with mild pain in the groin, medial thigh or knee
decreased ROM
Etiology of LCPD
exact unknown
but involves avascular necrosis
Four Pathological Stages
Diminished blood flow and fracturing of the femoral head
Fragmentation and reabsorption of femoral head
New bone growth and reossification
Remodeling and reshaping of a new femoral head
Surgical Treatment
femoral varus osteotomy to reposition the head of the femur into the acetabulum, or a pelvic
Congenital Muscular Torticollis
child’s head is tilted towards the tight sternoceidomastoid muscle and rotated away
Treatment of CMT
stretching 4 to 6 times a day
Plagiocephaly
Refers to asymmetrical head shapes, also known as positional plagiocephaly
Positional Plagiocephaly
flattened side the ipsilateral ear is positioned relatively anteriorly to the
Prevention
tummy time
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
The most prevalent form of juvenile arthritis is
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, or JRA
JRA
chronic joint inflammation.
autoimmune disorder where the immune system begins to attack healthy
Types of JRA
Pauciarticular
Polyarticular
Systemic
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by bones that fracture easily, often with little or no apparent cause.
Rodding
A surgical procedure called “rodding” is frequently considered for individuals
What is the genetic inheritance pattern for Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
If you have it 50% chance passing it on to children
Clubfoot
ankle and foot abnormalities
The most common form
plantar flexed and inverted
Treatment
stretching, serial casting or surgery
Tibial Torsion
inward twisting of a child’s tibia
Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease
inflammation of the epiphysis where the infrapatellar tendon attaches to the tibial tuberosity
Treatment of OSD
Ice, rest and modalities to decrease pain and inflammation
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10 degrees accompanied by vertebral rotation
Retropatellar Pain Syndrome
active adolescents and young adults and is thought to be related to overuse, trauma, and/or abnormal alignment of the lower extremities
Symptoms
Anterior knee pain
Knee in the front of the knee that worsens after sitting for prolonged time
Cobbs Angle
used to measure sclerosis
