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Virology > Midterm I > Flashcards

Midterm I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size range for viruses? `

A

20 to 300nm

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2
Q

What type of genome do viruses have? `

A

DNA or RNA, single or double stranded

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3
Q

T/F All viruses have envelopes and capsids.

A

False..all viruses have capsids, but not all have envelopes.

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4
Q

What is the best way to describe viruses?

A

Obligate, intracellular parasites that are sub-microscopic.

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5
Q

What is a prion?

A

An infectious protein with no nucleic acid

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6
Q

What are some examples of the types of diseases prions can cause?

A
  1. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  2. Scrapie
  3. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
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7
Q

What was the first viral disease recognized? What disease was it?

A

3700 BC

Polio

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8
Q

Who came up wit the Germ theory of Disease? Which disease did he discover the cause for?

A

Robert Koch
Anthrax
Tuberculosis

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9
Q

What are the 5 Koch postulates for viruses?

A
  1. Agent must be present in every case of the disease
  2. Agent must be isolated from host and grown in vitro
  3. Disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of agent is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host.
  4. Same agent must be recovered once again from experimentally infected host.
  5. Agent must be able to pass through ceramic filters that could retain the smallest bacteria
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10
Q

What is the regressive evolution theory of virus origination?

A

( Makes sense for DNA viruses) Viruses are degenerate life-forms that lost many functions and have only retained genetic information essential to parasitic way of life.

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11
Q

What is the Progressive or escape theory of virus origination?

A

Viruses are escaped eukaryotic genes that learned to survive outside cell.

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12
Q

What is the Virus-Frst hypothesis?

A

Viruses existed before cells as self-replicating units and led to rise of first cells while evolving on a parallel course to cellular organisms and excited in the prebiotic RNA world.

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13
Q

What is a virion?

A

A morphologically complete viral particle

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14
Q

What is inside a virion?

A

Genome: DNA or RNA single or double stranded, but never both. Capsid and envelope.

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15
Q

What is a capsid and what is the function?

A

Protein shell surrounding the genome made up of capsomeres.

Protect and deliver the genome into the cell as well as enabling interactions with the host cell and immune system via specific binding receptors

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16
Q

What is a nucleocapsid?

A

Genome and the capsid

17
Q

What is the matrix proteins function?

A

Helps with entry and replication of the virus

18
Q

How big is the viral genome? what is the range?

A

1,000 genes in genome

1.8-160 base pairs

19
Q

How is the shape of the virion determined?

A

By the nucleocapsid structure

20
Q

How can you tell the difference between a complete and incomplete envelopec virus?

A

Under electron microscopy, the complete virus will have a white center while the incomplete will be black inside.

21
Q

Where are glycoprotein spikes located and what is their purpose?

A

On the surface of the capsid or envelope,

22
Q

Who decides how viruses are classified?

A

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses

23
Q

What are the ways in which a virus can be transmitted?

A

Ingestion: Enteric
Inhalation: respiratory
Arthropod vector: Arboviruses
Rodent-associated viruses

24
Q

Why do most viruses have a sphere shape?

A

Extremely thermostable and easy to pack the genome in.

25
Q

How are identical caspsid subunits created?

A

The viral genome encodes for them

26
Q

How is an icosahedral symmetry created for a virus?

A

Since there are identical caspsid subunites, they all require an identical environment so they much be packed in symmetrically.

27
Q

What are the five structural forms of a virus?

A
  1. Naked icosahedral
  2. Naked helical
  3. Enveloped icosahedral
  4. Enveloped helical
  5. Complex
28
Q

What is the basic component of viruses?

A

The genome, the capsid and the envelope

29
Q

How many viruses are out there that we know of?

A

50,000 different types of viruses with 320,000 different viruses.

30
Q

What are the most important was we classify viruses?

A
  1. Host
  2. Morphology
  3. Genome
  4. Replication
31
Q

Viruses in the same family will have what in common? What about the order?

A

Morphology,
genome type and
genome replication

In the order, it only connects viruses that have the same genome type and replication.

32
Q

How many genome types do viruses have?

A

7

33
Q

What do viruses in the same genus have in common?

A

They are genetically related and can be broken down further in to species and then strains, variant, etc.

34
Q

What is a virus species?

A

A polythetic class of viruses that constitutes a replicating lineage and is in a certain ecological niche.

35
Q

Describe herpesviridae.

A

Double stranded DNA in the DNA virus family with an envelope

36
Q

What are the major proteins encoded by the viral genome?

A

Capsids

37
Q

What are the seven classes viruses can be classified in according to the Baltimore classification?

A 
dsDNA 
ssDNA
dsRNA
\+ sense ssRNA 
- sense ssRNA 
RNA reverse transcribing
DNA reverse transcribing
38
Q

Which types of virus must carry their own enzyme to convert in order to be recognized by proteins?

A
  • sense ssRNA viruses must be converted into + sense ssRNA viruses

Virology (12 decks)

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