Midterm Exam Flashcards
What are the hormones and brain areas associated with Openness?
Dopamine,
left prefrontal cortex, posterior medial prefrontal cortex
What are the hormones and brain areas associated with Conscientiousness?
Serotonin,
Middle frontal gyrus
What are the hormones and brain areas associated with Extraversion?
Dopamine, endorphins
medial orbital frontal cortex, nucleus acumens, amygdala, striatum
What are the hormones and brain areas associated with Agreeableness?
(neurotransmitter) Serotonin
Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, posterior cingulate cortex
What are the hormones and brain areas associated with emotional stability (inverse of Neuroticism)?
(neurotransmitter) Serotonin, (hormones:) cortisol, norepinephrine,
Right frontal lobe (withdrawal), left frontal lobe (anger), amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate
What are the aspects of narrative work? How do they pertain to you own life?
- actor: learning how to be daughter, sister, in church, homeschooler, basketball player (+ other sports) learning skills to be in those situations
- agent: sophomore/junior - thinking about healthcare, PA job shadow, research
- author: now at Cedarville recognizing God directing life, things not wanted have brought me to where I am
How do the big 5 and meta-traits of stability and plasticity describe your personal levels?
Plasticity: Extraversion & openness: I am low on extraversion and openness, I do not usually like change and I do not change easily. I believe that I am becoming more E and O as I age and force myself out of my comfort zone
Stability: Neuroticism, Agreeableness, conscientiousness
- I am relatively emotionally stable (low N) and I am highly agreeable–I want people to be happy with me and will change my behavior and conscientious–I think about the right thing to do and want to do it, I look out for others.
Interactionism:
The principle that aspects of personality and of situations work together to determine behavior; neither has an effect by itself, nor is one more important than the other
What is an example of an active person-environment situation?
An extrovert throwing a party–creating an environment that they what to be in
What is an example of a reactive person-environmental situation?
An extrovert is happy arriving at a loud and boisterous party and engages in it. An introvert is unhappy and goes to a corner.
What is an example of an evocative person-environmental situation?
An extrovert arrives at a party that has not gotten started and changes the mood so people start dancin
Constructivism:
The philosophical view that reality, as a concrete entity, does not exist and that only ideas (“constructions”) of reality exist
Critical realism:
The philosophical view that the absence of perfect, infallible criteria for determining the truth does not imply that all interpretations of reality are equally valid; instead, one can use empirical evidence to determine which views of reality are more or less likely to be valid
Convergent validation:
The strategy of establishing the validity of a measure by comparing it with a wide range of other measures
(Duck Test)
Interjudge agreement:
The degree to which two or more people making judgements about the same person making judgements about the same person provide the same description of that person’s personality
Behavorial prediction:
The degree to which a judgement or measurement can predict the behavior of the person in question
Predictive validity:
The degree to which one measure can be used to predict another measure
Moderator variable:
A variable that affects the relationship between two other variables
Judgeability:
The extent to which an individual’s personality can be judged accurately by others
Single-trait approach:
The research strategy of focusing on one particular trait of interest and learning as much as possible about its behavioral correlates, developmental antecedents, and life consequences
Many-trait approach:
The research strategy that focuses on a particular behavior and investigates its correlates with as many different personality traits as possible in order to explain the basis of the behavior and to illuminate the workings of personality
Essential trait approach:
The research strategy that attempts to narrow the list of thousands of trait terms into a shorter list of the ones that really matter
California-Q set:
A set of 100 descriptive items that comprehensively cover the personality domain (many-trait approach)
Lexical hypothesis:
The idea that, if people find something is important, they will develop a word for it, and therefore the major personality traits will have synonymous terms in many different languages
Rank-order consistency:
The maintenance of individual differences in behavior or personality over time or across situations
Temperament:
The term often used for the “personality” of very young, pre-verbal children. Aspects of temperament include basic attributes such as activity level, emotional reactivity, and cheerfulness.
Heterotypic continuity:
The reflection of the consistency of fundamental differences in personality that changes with age
Person-environment transaction:
The process by which people respond to , seek out and create environments that are compatible with, and may magnify, their personality traits
Active person-environment transaction:
The process by which people seek out situations they are compatible with their personalities, or avoid situations that they perceive as incompatible
Reactive person-environment transaction:
The process by which people with different personalities may react differently to the same situation
Evocative person-environment transaction:
The process by which a person may change situations they encounter through behaviors that express their personality
Cumulative continuity principle:
The idea that personality becomes more stable and unchanging as a person gets older is
Personality development:
Change in personality over time, including the development of adult personality from its origins in infancy and childhood, and changes in personality over the life span
Cross-sectional study:
A study of personality development in which people of different ages are assessed at the same time
Cohort effect:
The tendency for a research finding to be limited to one group, or cohort, of people, such as people all living during a particular era or in a particular location
Longitudinal study:
A study of personality development in which the same people are assessed repeatedly over extended periods of time, sometimes many years
Maturity principle:
The idea that traits associate with effective functioning increase with age
Social clock:
The traditional expectations of society for when a person is expected to have achieved certain goals such as starting a family or getting settles into a career
Narrative identity:
The story one tells oneself about who one is