Chapter 6: 5 Traits Flashcards
What about the single trait method?
- How one trait causes behavior
- What someone will do in a particular situation on average
A) Self-monitoring:
– High: gauge environment: wishy-washy/low integrity/fit in)
– Low: look within, integrity, honest stubborn
B) Narcissism: good first impression, then seek to gratify self without delay – admiration need, self-love, manipulative, cannot take criticism must feel superior (in extreme circumstances it can then become a disorder)
What about the many trait method?
- How many traits causes one behavior
- Tests:
– California Q-Set: 100 traits curve: must be evaluated by each other
– Word Use: certainty words –> more likely feel good about themselves correlated with Q-set personalities
– Political orientation
What about political orientation and the many trait method?
- Conservatives: quilty, anxious in insecurity, unable to handle stress, authority, uprity
- Liberals: resourceful, independent confident
- Both: kindess, justice, rights
- Authoritarians: obedieane, less posotive emotions, increased TV, oppose rights for abnormal people, fear
What is the history of essential traits before the lexical hypothesis?
- Dictionary: 17,953
- Murray: 20 based on emotional needs (theorized)
- Block: ego resilience & ego control (over/under controlled)
- Cattell: 16 from statisitcal factor analysis
- Eyesanek: extraversion, neuroticism, psychotism
- Tellegen: 3 - positive/negative emotionality, constrant (ego control)
What is the lexical hypothesis? What was the result?
- If the word is important and universal then there will be a lot of words for it
- Allport: 4,500
- Cattell: 35
- Fiske: 5 –> the Big Five (Extraversion, agreeableness, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness)
What are implications of the big five?
- orthogonal/unrelated (not entirely)
- order to research finding
- complex: oversimplified, stability & plasticity or factors & facets
What is extraversion?
Eysenck’s: not as sensitive to sensory stimulus (light, sound) rather crave extreme levels (criminal)
Big 5: active, outspoken, ambitious, sensitive to rewards, positive emotions,
- Disadvantage: mate poaching, argumentative, need 4 control, risk overweight
What is neuroticism/negative emotionality?
Strong negative reactions to stress, sensitive to social threats, negative emotions, unhappy, tend toward psychopathology/vulnerability, undesirable life outcomes
What is conscientiousness?
Dutiful, healthier (avoid risk), valuable employee
What is agreeableness?
friendly, compassionate, polite, religious activities, well adjusted psychology, decreased likelihood to be abused
What is Openness?
Most controversial
creative, liberal, drugs/instrument, nature/environment
- depends on what experiences exposed to
What about beyond the big five?
Want to ad honesty/humility –> HEXACO
- structure of traits, not people
What is the typological approach to personality?
- structure of traits across individuals is not the same as the structure of personality within a person
- (3) well adjusted, maladjusted overcontrolling/under controlling
- cyclical: able to identify with type what made the type
- Myers-Briggs
What about Myers Briggs?
- Very popular
- 16 types
- Extroversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/feeling, judgement/perception
Why is the Myers-Briggs popular?
- rich & intriguing descriptions of each personality type
- looks insightful
- positive type explanations
- people enjoy learning about their type
