Midterm Exam

Question 1

What is the religion of the Hebrew people and what is their code of morality and ethics?

Answer 1

Judaism and their code of morality and ethics is the Ten Commandments.

Question 2

What religion was developed from the teachings of Jesus?

Answer 2

Christianity was the religion developed from the teachings of Jesus.

Question 3

What items were exchanged west (brought TO the Americas) during the Columbian exchange?

Answer 3

What items were exchanged west (brought TO the Americas) during the Columbian exchange?
Food, plants, animals, and diseases. Transfers from Europe, Africa, and Asia, grains; wheat rice barley oats, foods; citrus fruit, grape, banana, sugar cane, honeybee, onion, olive turnip, coffee, bean, peach, and pear, livestock; cattle, sheep pig horse, disease; smallpox, influenza, typhus, measles, malaria, diphtheria, whooping cough. Transfers from America pumpkin, turkey, quinine, pineapple, cacao bean, beans, vanilla, corn, tomato, potato, peanut, cassava, peppers, avocado, sweet potato, squash, tobacco.

Question 4

What is ‘divine right’ and what kind of government did it support?

Answer 4

The divine right supports the idea that monarchs represent God on earth. It supported the absolute monarchy, which had complete power.

Question 5

Why did Peter the Great build St. Petersburg?

Answer 5

He built St. Petersburg to use it as a seaport, base for navy, and place for education and growth.

Question 6

What was the political purpose of the Palace at Versailles?

Answer 6

The Palace of Versailles served as the home of all government officials, he could live in luxury, pass laws there, and these things all showed his power.

Question 7

Why was Ivan IV known as Ivan the Terrible?

Answer 7

Ivan blamed the boyars for poisoning his wife so he killed boyers and their families. He also killed his son after a violent quarrel.

Question 8

Who proposed the heliocentric theory and what is it?

Answer 8

The heliocentric theory is the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system and all of the planets revolve around the sun. Nicholas Copernicus originally proposed the idea.

Question 9

What did Isaac Newton explain?

Answer 9

The laws of gravity:
1. An object will stay in motion unless a force acts on it.
2. The force of the object is equal to the mass times its acceleration.
3. When two objects interact they apply force to each other.

Question 10

Who influenced the American Bill of Rights?

Answer 10

John Locke stated that humans have the natural rights of life, liberty and property, Voltaire believed that the state should be separate from the church and Rousseau believed that there should be a social contract between the people and the government. All of this influenced the Bill of Rights

Question 11

What ideas did the Enlightenment promote?

Answer 11

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Liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government, and separation of church and state.

Question 12

What percentage of the population belonged to the First Estate? Second Estate? Third Estate?

Answer 12

The 1st Estate was one percent of the population, the 2nd Estate was two percent of the population, and the 3rd Estate was ninety seven percent of the population.

Question 13

What is Bastille Day?

Answer 13

The day that a French mob stormed the prison of Bastille on July 14 and took it over. It is celebrated like the Fourth of July in the United States.

Question 14

What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man?

Answer 14

A statement of ideas for the revolution adapted from the Declaration of Independence. This statement expresses the importance of the natural rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

Question 15

What was the Reign of Terror? Who imposed it?

Answer 15

A period after the French Revolution when Maximilien Robespiere ruled France for a year. He killed thousands of people under the guillotine who were suspected as non supporters of the revolution.

Question 16

What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?

Answer 16

The goal of the Congress of Vienna was to establish peace and stability in Europe after Napoleon’s rule and to weaken France.

Question 17

What was Napoleon’s Continental System? How did Britain react to it?

Answer 17

The Continental System was the economic plan to strengthen Europe and weaken Britain. Napoleon planned to do this by blockading Britain, but then Britain responded with their own blockade and started alliances with other countries against Napoleon.

Question 18

What was the result of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia?

Answer 18

Napoleon lost 410,000 of his soldiers from the invasion. Because of this his army was weak and his enemies took advantage of this by taking him off the throne.

Question 19

Describe Napoleon

Answer 19

Smart man, was a military leader but let his anger get the best of him.

Question 20

What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon?

Answer 20

Czar Alexander used the scorched earth policy against Napoleon. Where they burned all the food and shelter, so that Napoleon’s army would have nothing.

Question 21

Who was Jose de San Martin?

Answer 21

He was a creole who was a general and the leader of Argentina’s revolutionary forces.

Question 22

Who was Miguel Hidalgo?

Answer 22

Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led the independence movement in Mexico.

Question 23

What is nationalism?

Answer 23

Nationalism is the belief that people’s loyalty should be to their nation who share a common culture and history. Nationalism united Nations together(Italy), but also destroyed many cultures when trying to unite them all(Russia).

Question 24

What did Mary Shelley write?

Answer 24

She wrote the famous gothic book Frankenstein.

Question 25

What were the achievements of Otto von Bismark?

Answer 25

Otto von Bismark was the prime minister of Prussia, united all of Germany by fighting France for land, was crowned kaiser(emperor), and created Germany under Prussian dominance.

Question 26

What were the achievements of Camillo di Cavour?

Answer 26

He united Italy as the prime minister and drove Austria out of Northern Italy. Worked to increase the power of Sardinia with diplomacy.

Question 27

Compare and contrast the liberation of Mexico and Brazil

Answer 27

In Brazil a member of the royal family helped the revolution and there was no war, just a petition signed by Brazilian citizens. In Mexico however there was a war in which the leader of the rebellion died. However both countries gained their independence and they were both colonies being ruled from a distance.

Question 28

Describe nationalism

Answer 28

The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

Question 29

What were the goals of impressionism?

Answer 29

To show life as it should be, where artists used pure and shimmering colors to capture a moment. Discovered that music can make mental images.

Question 30

Describe realism

Answer 30

Showing or believing in life as it is, not as it should be.

Question 31

Compare the unifications of Italy and Germany

Answer 31

Italy took a longer time period to unite than Germany. Germany united through a constitution, while Italy united over many battles. However both countries had two people who mainly led the unification Otto von Bismark and Cavour, they were also both united through nationalism, by sharing a common culture.

Question 32

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 32

The shift in the 18th century from making goods by hand to them being made by machines.

Question 33

What was the agricultural revolution and why did it lead to the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 33

The agricultural revolution was when people started thinking about better, more productive ways to farm. This led to the industrial revolution because the produce and population began to rise, but also people began to think in new ways and farmers fled to the city from being bought by large landowners.

Question 34

What are the three factors of production?

Answer 34

The three factors of production are land, labor, and capital.

Question 35

How did Britain try to keep industrial secrets from getting to other countries?

Answer 35

Britain wouldn’t let engineers, toolmakers, and mechanics leave the country. Britain threatened these people and their families with death. This is because these people knew the blueprints to the machines used in the industrialization. If Britain was the only country who knew how to make these goods at that fast of a pace they controlled the trade.

Question 36

What is ‘laissez-faire’ and how did it influence early industrialists?

Answer 36

An economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working
conditions without interference from the government. This made it so the businesses could make workers work for however long they wanted and for as little pay as possible.

Question 37

What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?

Answer 37

The steam engine powered machines made goods a lot faster than making them handmade.

Question 38

What is a free market system?

Answer 38

A system where the government has no regulations where the owners can do what they like. Owners can do whatever they want with workers, there are no set hours or wages.

Question 39

What impact did technological advances have on industry?

Answer 39

Made better faster machines, new equipment, transportation, better buildings, etc. This made goods produce at a faster rate, so that things became cheaper.

Question 40

What were the long term effects of The Communist Manifesto?

Answer 40

Changes in worker rights, social services and labor unions, and caused some countries to become communists.

Question 41

What does the term “Jewel in the Crown” mean?

Answer 41

Britain used this term to describe India as the most valuable of all the British colonies. So that is what it means, the most valuable.

Question 42

Why did imperialism lead to a food shortage in Africa?

Answer 42

All the food being made went into trading for the European countries that controlled the African countries. This led to the Africans producing more food, but eating less.