Chapter 12 Test Review Flashcards
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Who proposed the heliocentric theory?
Nicholas Copernicus originally proposed the heliocentric theory.
What is the heliocentric theory?
The idea that the sun is the center of the solar system and that the planets revolve around the sun.
What did Issac Newton explain?
The laws of gravity:
1 An object will stay in motion unless a force acts on it.
2 The force of the object is equal to the mass times its acceleration.
3 When two objects interact they apply force to each other.
What were the philosophes general beliefs?
That people could apply reason to all aspects of life: Reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty.
List the philosophes and their primary ideas about government.
John Locke:
Natural human rights were life, liberty, and property. Believed the government gets power from the people and that the people had the right to overthrow the government if they didn’t have these rights.
List the philosophes and their primary ideas about government.
Montesquieu:
Favored separation of powers to keep one body from running the government.
List the philosophes and their primary ideas about government.
Voltaire:
Believed in separation of church and state.
List the philosophes and their primary ideas about government.
Beccaria:
Civil right including abolishment of torture.
What is baroque art?
Pre-Enlightenment style with grand and ornate designs.
What is neoclassical art?
Enlightenment style, based on Greek and Roman themes.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence based on the ideas of John Locke.
List the philosophes and their primary ideas about government.
Jean Jacques Rousseau:
Viewed social contract as agreement by free people to form the government.
How were the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution influenced by the Enlightenment?
The philosophers and their ideas of government helped form the U.S. Constitution. Montesquieu came up with a government having more than one type of body. John Locke stated that humans have the natural rights of life, liberty and property, and if these rights weren’t protected by the government the citizens had the right to overthrow it. He also believed that the government gets its power from the people. Rousseau believed that there should be a social contract between the people and the government. Voltaire believed that the state should be separate from the church. All these ideas that these philosophers had helped contribute to the making of the United States Constitution.
What was the stamp act?
The stamp act was a way for Britain to pay back their debts for the French and Indian war. The British government decided to force this act on the colonists.
Who was Catherine the Great influenced by and in what ways?
Catherine the Great was influenced by montessquie that power should be divided, and Baccaria who believed in civil rights.
