Midterm Aseptic technique

Question 1

Define autoclave.

Answer 1

a machine that sterilizes instruments through heat and steam

Question 2

Microorganisms must be introduced into the surgical site for infection to develop. By what 2 routes are they introduced?

Answer 2

endogenous route

exogenous route

Question 3

Per the Endogenous route, sources are?

Answer 3

patient and reaches the wound as a result of bacteremia (through the bloodstream)

Question 4

Per the Exogenous route, sources are?

Answer 4

air, surgical instruments and supplies, the patient’s skin, and the surgical team

Question 5

Define sterilization.

Answer 5

the elimination or destruction of all living organisms (including viruses) from a material being sterilized

Question 6

Define disinfection.

Answer 6

the destruction of vegetative forms of bacteria but not the spores

Question 7

Both sterilization and disinfection are used to prepare ______ and _____ instruments.

Answer 7

medical and surgical

Question 8

What materials are used for packs?

Answer 8

steam-permeable wrappers - such as double-thickness muslin (crepe paper)

Question 9

How do you prepare a patient’s skin for surgery?

Answer 9

• often given a general anesthesia before transport into operating room
• skin preparation
• surgical clip using a #40 clipper blade (standard)
• 5 - 15 cm around proposed incision site
• clip potentially infected areas last

Question 10

How do you clean patient’s skin for surgery?

Answer 10

• use of surgical scrub
• presurgical scrub alternates antiseptic scub with alcohol or sterile saline 3 or more times
• clean middle to outside
• Canine abdominal surgery, flush prepuce
• final sterile surgical scrub after animal is positioned on the operating table
• sterile gloves, sterile gauze sponges
  Note: region will be flammable until dry

Question 11

As a lavage solution for open wounds, chlorhexidine must be diluted ____:____ with sterile water or saline to produce a 0.05% solution

Answer 11

1:40

Question 12

How you position a patient for surgery is described by the ____ of the body that contacts the table.

Answer 12

region

Question 13

In orthopedic surgery, the affected leg is often _____ from an overhead support or intravenous (IV) stand during skin preparation and initial surgical draping.

Answer 13

suspended

Question 14

When surgical team is preparing for surgery what are the steps to preparing for a surgical hand scrub?

Answer 14

• cap and mask should be donned
• remove jewelry
• clean each fingernail using a nail pick
• open gown pack and gloves before scrub
• hand scrub: fingers to forearm
• 10-25 strokes/4 times or 5 min. first scrub, 2-3 min. if needed through out the day

Question 15

What is an alternative to traditional scrubbing?

Answer 15

waterless hand antiseptics

Question 16

What must be done before gowning and gloving?

Answer 16

Hands and arms must be thoroughly dried with a sterile towel

Question 17

Describe the steps for gowning.

Answer 17

1. Open the last flap of the cloth that surrounded the folded gown.
2. Grab the arm pit seam and while gown is being held, let the folds unfold
3. arms are then inserted into sleeves
4. gowning is completed with the help of a nonsterile assistant - by tying or fastening gown around the surgeon’s or surgeon’s assistant’s neck or waist

Question 18

What are two methods used for gloving yourself?

Answer 18

closed gloving and open gloving

Question 19

There is a higher risk of contamination when using _____ gloving.

Answer 19

open

Question 20

Assisted gloving requires the help of a _____ assistant.

Answer 20

sterile

Question 21

How do you maintain sterility in the surgery room?

Answer 21

• nonsterile personnel should only touch nonsterile items, never reach over sterile fields
• sterile personnel should only touch sterile items or areas
• always face the sterile field
• sterile items should be placed on a sterile field

Question 22

Are the neckline, back, armpit area sterile?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Hands should stay above ____ level.

Answer 23

waist

Question 24

Draping is performed by personnel who have _____ in.

Answer 24

scrubbed

Question 25

When draping the patient what are the first towels used and how are they placed?

Answer 25

4 quarter drapes are used - secured by towel clamps

they are placed to surround the area where the surgical incision will be made

Question 26

To remain sterile when placing the towels, what must be avoided?

Answer 26

surgical gown should not touch front of surgical table

Question 27

What is placed over the animal, the surgical table, and the instrument stand to provide one continuous sterile field?

Answer 27

a large drape

Question 28

How do you drape a suspended limb?

Answer 28

quarter drapes are placed on the body at the base of the limb
Also, the limb passed through a hold in the large sterile drape that covers the entire animal and surgical field

Question 29

After draping is complete,____ packs may be opened.

Answer 29

sterile

Question 30

What are the rules when opening sterile items for nonsterile assistants?

Answer 30

• must open all sterile items for the surgeon
• can only touch outside of pack and never reach over a sterile field
• a smaller pack may be opened while it is held in one hand
• when opening a pack, make sure the opening faces away from you

Question 31

Sterile saline may be poured into a _____ saline bowl.

Answer 31

sterile

- Hold saline bottle above bowl being careful not to touch top of bowl

Question 32

What does it mean when something is said to have a strike-through?

Answer 32

if drapes or gowns (especially cloth) become wet with saline or blood, they may no longer be impermeable to bacteria and are said to have strike-through