Midterm Aseptic technique Flashcards
Define autoclave.
Define autoclave.
a machine that sterilizes instruments through heat and steam
Microorganisms must be introduced into the surgical site for infection to develop. By what 2 routes are they introduced?
endogenous route
exogenous route
Per the Endogenous route, sources are?
patient and reaches the wound as a result of bacteremia (through the bloodstream)
Per the Exogenous route, sources are?
air, surgical instruments and supplies, the patient’s skin, and the surgical team
Define sterilization.
the elimination or destruction of all living organisms (including viruses) from a material being sterilized
Define disinfection.
the destruction of vegetative forms of bacteria but not the spores
Both sterilization and disinfection are used to prepare ______ and _____ instruments.
medical and surgical
What materials are used for packs?
steam-permeable wrappers - such as double-thickness muslin (crepe paper)
How do you prepare a patient’s skin for surgery?
- often given a general anesthesia before transport into operating room
- skin preparation
- surgical clip using a #40 clipper blade (standard)
- 5 - 15 cm around proposed incision site
- clip potentially infected areas last
How do you clean patient’s skin for surgery?
- use of surgical scrub
- presurgical scrub alternates antiseptic scub with alcohol or sterile saline 3 or more times
- clean middle to outside
- Canine abdominal surgery, flush prepuce
- final sterile surgical scrub after animal is positioned on the operating table
- sterile gloves, sterile gauze sponges
Note: region will be flammable until dry
As a lavage solution for open wounds, chlorhexidine must be diluted ____:____ with sterile water or saline to produce a 0.05% solution
1:40
How you position a patient for surgery is described by the ____ of the body that contacts the table.
region
In orthopedic surgery, the affected leg is often _____ from an overhead support or intravenous (IV) stand during skin preparation and initial surgical draping.
suspended
When surgical team is preparing for surgery what are the steps to preparing for a surgical hand scrub?
- cap and mask should be donned
- remove jewelry
- clean each fingernail using a nail pick
- open gown pack and gloves before scrub
- hand scrub: fingers to forearm
- 10-25 strokes/4 times or 5 min. first scrub, 2-3 min. if needed through out the day
What is an alternative to traditional scrubbing?
waterless hand antiseptics
What must be done before gowning and gloving?
Hands and arms must be thoroughly dried with a sterile towel
Describe the steps for gowning.
- Open the last flap of the cloth that surrounded the folded gown.
- Grab the arm pit seam and while gown is being held, let the folds unfold
- arms are then inserted into sleeves
- gowning is completed with the help of a nonsterile assistant - by tying or fastening gown around the surgeon’s or surgeon’s assistant’s neck or waist
What are two methods used for gloving yourself?
closed gloving and open gloving
There is a higher risk of contamination when using _____ gloving.
open
Assisted gloving requires the help of a _____ assistant.
sterile
How do you maintain sterility in the surgery room?
- nonsterile personnel should only touch nonsterile items, never reach over sterile fields
- sterile personnel should only touch sterile items or areas
- always face the sterile field
- sterile items should be placed on a sterile field
Are the neckline, back, armpit area sterile?
No
Hands should stay above ____ level.
waist
Draping is performed by personnel who have _____ in.
scrubbed
When draping the patient what are the first towels used and how are they placed?
4 quarter drapes are used - secured by towel clamps
they are placed to surround the area where the surgical incision will be made
To remain sterile when placing the towels, what must be avoided?
surgical gown should not touch front of surgical table
What is placed over the animal, the surgical table, and the instrument stand to provide one continuous sterile field?
a large drape
How do you drape a suspended limb?
quarter drapes are placed on the body at the base of the limb
Also, the limb passed through a hold in the large sterile drape that covers the entire animal and surgical field
After draping is complete,____ packs may be opened.
sterile
What are the rules when opening sterile items for nonsterile assistants?
- must open all sterile items for the surgeon
- can only touch outside of pack and never reach over a sterile field
- a smaller pack may be opened while it is held in one hand
- when opening a pack, make sure the opening faces away from you
Sterile saline may be poured into a _____ saline bowl.
sterile
- Hold saline bottle above bowl being careful not to touch top of bowl
What does it mean when something is said to have a strike-through?
if drapes or gowns (especially cloth) become wet with saline or blood, they may no longer be impermeable to bacteria and are said to have strike-through
