Ch 32 Small Animal surgical nursing - lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the preoperative patient assessment criteria?

A
  • surgical candidate
  • primary problems
  • elective and emergency demands not the same
  • 12 hour fasting
  • ASA - American Society of Anesthesiologists
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2
Q

What are the 5 levels that the ASA has a set standard for on whether or not a patient is ready for surgery?

A
P1 minimal
P2 Low
P3 moderate
P4 high
P5 extreme
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3
Q

What does P1 minimal mean?

A

normal healthy patient (OHE, Declaw, castration, etc)

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4
Q

What does P2 Low mean?

A

patient with mild systemic disease (neonatal, geriatric or obese)

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5
Q

What does P3 mean?

A

patient with severe systemic disease (anemia, moderate dehydration)

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6
Q

What does P4 mean?

A

patient with systemic disease, constant threat to life

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7
Q

What does P5 mean?

A

Moribund, not expected to survive without procedure

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8
Q

What diagnostic bloodwork is needed before surgery?

A

PCV
TP
BUN
CBC

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9
Q

What does PCV stand for?

A

packed cell volume

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10
Q

What does TP stand for?

A

Total Plasma Protein

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11
Q

What does BUN stand for?

A

Concentration Blood, Urea, Blood Glucose

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12
Q

What does CBC stand for?

A

complete blood count

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13
Q

What does perioperative antibiotics do?

A
  • decrease the risk for infection
  • clean or unclean contaminated surgeries
  • help to controll an active infection
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14
Q

What type of monitoring is needed before and after surgery?

A
  • surgical plane of anesthesia is crucial
  • watch for fatal complications
    such as blood loss, pain, hypothermia, cardiac and respiratory problems
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15
Q

What are things should be visually and palpably inspected daily when evaluating an incision?

A
  • check hospital environment
  • absorb seepage on incision
  • do not use ointment and creams on incision - can cause irritation and delay the wound from healing
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16
Q

Early on during postoperative time what should you look for on incision?

A

redness, swelling, drainage, dehiscence, seromas

17
Q

What can be done for swelling on an incision?

A

ice packs

18
Q

What can be done for drainage on an incision?

A

do we know if wound is suppose to drain - find out

19
Q

What is dehiscence with a incision?

A

tissues start separating (wound breakdown)

20
Q

What are seromas?

A

serum accumulation under the incison

21
Q

Sutures are usually removed after how many days?

A

7 - 14 days

22
Q

Why do we remove sutures at 7 - 14 days?

A

because this is the approx. time that the wound is beginning to strengthen

23
Q

What should we check before removing sutures?

A

inspect for adequate healing

24
Q

A adequate healed incision looks like?

A
  • no drainage
  • not severely reddened
  • not severely swollen
25
Q

If complications happen with a suture, what can happen?

A

some reddening, swelling and excessive scarring

26
Q

How do you remove sutures?

A
  • grasp with thumb forceps or fingers
  • gentle traction
  • manually pull out of skin
  • staple removal - follow manufacturer instructions
27
Q

What should monitor carefully once a bandage has been placed on a limb?

A
  • bandage (clean and dry?)
  • make sure there is a plastic bag or water-resistant covering placed over bandage when animal is walked outside - removing it when coming back in
  • check toes twice a day (swelling or coldness)
  • change a wet, dirty, or smelling bandage
  • avoid strike-through - bacteria can migrate through moisture of a wet bandage
28
Q

Why are drains placed?

A
  • collect fluid

- when large amount of drainage is expected

29
Q

If a drain is placed what must you do to the drain exit?

A

cover drain exit with a bandage

30
Q

Why is a e-collar needed with a drain?

A

so animal will leave drain alone

31
Q

What are the two kinds of drains?

A

active drains -sealed to environment

passive drain - provide an exit port

32
Q

Why is the passive drain difficult to maintain?

A

because of the constant drainage of fluid through the drain exit site - makes it a risk for a bacterial infection

33
Q

Why is animal restraint important?

A
  • for appropriate surgical technique
  • patient safety
  • patient comfort
  • The animal should be well controlled after surgery to minimize complications
34
Q

Why must a vet. tech. have a working knowledge of common surgical procedures?

A
  • to properly prepare an animal preoperatively
  • act as a surgical efficient assistant
  • manage immediate and long-term postoperative care
  • be able to clearly converse with owner
35
Q

What is meant by an elective surgical procedure?

A

surgery performed at the vet’s and owners convenience, usually in healthy animals (OHE, declaw, castration)

36
Q

What is meant by an nonelective surgical procudure?

A

surgical procedures that must be done urgently (stifle stablization, correction of patellar luxation, cancer resection