Midterm Flashcards
Almost always, epithelia and their derivatives are separated from underlying or surrounding connective tissues by a thin, non-cellular layer, the ________.
Basement membrane
Epithelial membranes are classified according to the shape of the most superficial cell layer, which may be _______.
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
________ are closely spaced, finger-like extensions of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of cells that function in absorption and secretion.
Microvilli
Epithelial membranes that line the serous body cavities are referred to as ________.
Mesothelia
The basal cell membrane of the cell is affixed to the basal lamina by adhering junctions known as ______.
Hemidesmosomes
Glands that deliver their secretions onto the epithelial surface do so via ducts and are known as ______.
Exocrine glands
Glands that do not maintain a connection to the outside (ductless) and whose secretions enter the vascular system for delivery are known as ______.
Endocrine glands
A type of cell characterized as anucleated and function entirely within the circulatory system by transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Red blood cells
What are the three formed elements of the blood?
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
Membranes that line serous body cavities are referred to as ______.
Mesothelia
The secretory cells of a gland are referred to as its ______ and are separated from surrounding connective tissue and vascular elements by a basement membrane.
Parenchyma
The process of blood cell replacement is known as ________.
Hemopoiesis
A type of null cell that resembles lymphocytes and are responsible for the formation of all the formed elements of the blood.
Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells
Cells that function in phagocytosis of particulate matter are known as ________.
Macrophages
_______ is caused by autoantibodies binding to some of the protein components of hemidesmosomes.
Bullous pemphigoid
NADPH Oxidase Deficiency affect what type of leukocyte within an afflicted individual?
Neutrophils
Which type of leukocyte participates in antiparasitic activities?
Eosinophils
Infection mononucleosis is also referred to as the _______.
Kissing disease
A type of cell that stains a reddish-orange color and participates in anti-parasitic activities and phagocytose antigen-antibody complexes.
Eosinophils
A hereditary disease which is the result of a point mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. These erythrocytes are fragile and do not pass easily through small capillaries.
Sickle cell anemia
Connective Tissues, unlike epithelia, are composed mainly of: _______ & _______
- Extracellular matrix
- A limited number of cells
Name the two types of CT that are limited to the embryo.
- Mesenchymal
- Mucous
The lamina densa is composed of what type of collagen?
Type IV
What are the cells that are associated with the loose (areolar) connective tissues?
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Plasma cells
- Mast cells
- Pericytes
- Fat cells
- Leukocytes
Name 3 of the major glycosaminoglycans constituents.
- Hyaluronic acid
- Dermatan sulfate
- Heparan sulfate
- Chondroitin-4-sulfate
- Chondroitin-6 sulfate
The type of fiber characterized as being the most abundant and is composed of a staggered array of the protein tropocollagen.
Collagen
A condition characterized by bleeding gums and loose teeth among other symptoms and results from vitamin C deficiency.
Scurvy
What is the type of cell that is characterized as a large, multi-nucleated cell derived from monocyte precursors and are responsible for the resorption of the bone.
Osteoclasts
What is a type of ossification which is responsible for the formation of long and short bones and relies on the presence of a hyaline cartilage model that is used as a template on and within which bone is made?
Endochondral ossification
The process of integrated bone resorption and bone replacement is known as?
Coupling