Lab 1: Epithelium Projections

Question 1

Answer 1

Mammary gland, active, ts (mammal)

• *Characteristics:** Apocrine in nature, involves cytoplasmic loss with product
• *Function:** Milk production or lactation

Question 2

Answer 2

• *Transitional Epithelium Relaxed** (bladder)
• *Characteristics:** Relaxed transitional epithelium, organ is empty
• *Function:** Allows for fluctuation of liquid volume
• *Location:** Urinary bladder

Question 3

Answer 3

• *Metaphase**
• *Characteristics:** Formation of mitotic spindle and alignment of chromosomes along the equatorial plate
• *Location:** Eukaryotic cell

Question 4

Answer 4

• *Simple Columnar Epithelium** (gall bladder)
• *Function:** Absorption and secretion
• *Location:** Surface epithelium of stomach, small and large intestine, gallbladder, uterus, oviduct, small bronchi or lungs, paranasal sinuses

Question 5

Answer 5

• *Prophase**
• *Characteristics:** Chromosomes become visible and appear as threadlike structures; disappearance of nuclear envelope towards the end of prophase
• *Location:** Eukaryotic cell

Question 6

Answer 6

• *Simple Ciliated Columnar Epithelium** (oviduct=fallopian tube)
• *Function:** Dust trapping
• *Location:** Nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oviduct

Question 7

Answer 7

Islet of Langerhans, ts (mammal)

• *Characteristics:** Pale-staining and make-up endocrine portion of pancreas
• *Function:** Alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin, delta cells secrete somatostatin, which inhibits secretion by alpha and beta cells

Question 8

Answer 8

• *Telophase**
• *Characteristics:** Reformation of the nuclear envelope from discontinuous portions of ER; karyokinesis
• *Location:** Eukaryotic cell

Question 9

Answer 9

• *Glandular Epithelium, Simple Tubular** (human ileum)
• *Function:** Secretion of enzymes, including sucrose and maltase, along with endopeptidases and exopeptidases
• *Location:** Crypts of Lieberkuhn of the small intestine and colon

Question 10

Answer 10

• *Goblet Cells** (mammal)
• *Characteristics:** Unicellular exocrine gland
• *Function:** Mucus secretions; cells needed to lubricate small intestine; neutralize bile salts from gallbladder and stomach
• *Location:** Small intestine

Question 11

Answer 11

• *Anaphase**
• *Characteristics:** Separation of chromatids at the centromere; movement of daughter chromosomes toward opposite poles
• *Location:** Eukaryotic cell

Question 12

Answer 12

Skin sebaceous glands, vs (baboon)

• *Characteristics:** Holocrine, meaning the entire cell breaks down and cellular debris, along with the secretory product, is released as sebum
• *Function:** Secrete sebum outside of cell
• *Location:** Scalp and face and around the anus, mouth, and nose; absent in palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Question 13

Answer 13

• *Glandular Epithelium, Saccular**
• *Characteristics:** Simple alveolar glands
• *Location:** Paraurethral glands in the penile urethra, also sebaceous glands

Question 14

Answer 14

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium (rat kidney)

• *Function:** Absorption and secretion
• *Location:** Thyroid, choroid plexus, ducts of many glands, inner surfaces of the capsule of the lens, covering of the ovary

Question 15

Answer 15

Skin, sweat gland, vs (man)

• *Characteristics:** Two type - Eccrine and Apocrine in nature
• *Function:** Regulate body temperature and protective function
• *Location:** Eccrine - throughout the surface of the skin; Apocrine - axilla and anogenital region

Question 16

Answer 16

Pancreas, ts (monkey)

• *Characteristics:** Second largest gland associated with the gastrointestinal tract
• *Function:** Secretion of digestive enzymes into the small intestine and blood glucose regulation
• *Location:** Retroperitoneal organ

Question 17

Answer 17

• *Transitional Epithelium Stretched** (bladder)
• *Characteristics:** Epithelium is stretched when stretched, organ is full
• *Function:** Allows for fluctuation of liquid volume
• *Location:** Urinary bladder, ureter, and uppermost part of urethra

Question 18

Answer 18

• *Simple Squamous Epithelium**
• *Characteristics:** Single layer of flat cells in the renal corpuscle; glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule separated by capsular space
• *Function:** Filtration of blood through filtration barriers; water, ions, and molecules with molecular weight less than 40,000 pass through, but formed elements retained
• *Location:** Endothelium of the cardiovascular system, mesothelium, loop of Henle, rete testes, pulmonary alveoli

Question 19

Answer 19

• *Stratified Squamous Epithelium** (vagina)
• *Function:** Keratinized for protection in skin; non-keratinized for protection in esophagus
• *Location:** Skin and inner surface of body cavities