Lab 9: Endocrine and Exocrine Glands Flashcards
Name & Characteristics
Pituitary Gland
Characteristics: “1” is anterior pituitary (pars distalis), “2” is pars nervosa (neurohypophysis), and “3” is the infundibulum connecting pars nervosa to the hypothalamus
Name & Function
Pituitary Gland
Function: Neurohypophysis stores ADH and oxytocin. Pars distalis secretes FSH, TSH, prolatcin, ACTH, LH, and GH
Name & Location
Pituitary Gland
Location: Base of brain
Name & Characteristics
Thyroid Gland
Characteristics: Colloid is surrounded by cuboidal, follicular cells
Name & Function
Thyroid Gland
Function: Stores thyroglobulin and secretes thyroid hormone, T3 and T4 from follicular cells; parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin
Name & Location
Thyroid Gland
Location: Situated anterior to the upper trachea
Name & Characteristics
Adrenal Gland
Characteristics: cortex divided into three zones: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis; medulla readily visible
Name & Function
Adrenal Gland
Function: secretes mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids from cortex; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine from medulla
Name & Location
Adrenal Gland
Location: Rests above kidneys
Name & Characteristics
Parathyroid Gland
Characteristics: The parathyroid gland is made of chief cells and oxyphil cells. It is made of denser tissue. Chief cells are numerous and smaller in size compared to the oxyphil cells.
Name & Function
Parathyroid Gland
Function: Maintain the body’s calcium level so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly. When blood calcium levels drop below a certain point, calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland are activated to release parathyroid hormone into the blood.
Name & Location
Parathyroid Gland
Location: Humans have four parathyroid glands, which are usually located in the posterior side of the thyroid gland.
Name & Characteristics
Pineal Gland
Characteristics: The secretory cells of the pineal gland are pinealocytes. The pineal body consists in humans of a lobular parenchyma of pinealocytes surrounded by connective tissue spaces. The gland’s surface is covered by a capsule.
Name & Function
Pineal Gland
Function: It produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions. Abundant melatonin levels in children are believed to inhibit sexual development, and pineal tumors cause precocious puberty.
Name & Location
Pineal Gland
Location: It is located near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two rounded thalamic bodies join.
Name & Characteristics
Liver
Characteristics: central vain medially located and readily visible; portal triads consist of artery, portal vein, and bile duct
Name & Function
Liver
Function: Secretes bile and detoxifies the blood
Name & Location of Portal Triads
Liver
Location of Portal Triads: Portal triads are located in the corners of lobules
