Midterm 2 study guide 1.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Types of crust

Oceanic Crust

A

thinner, dense rock

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2
Q

Types of Crust

Continental Crust

A

thicker, less dense

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3
Q

Chapter 13, slide 18

When does rock become a rock?

A
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4
Q

Three Basic rock types

Igneous

A

formed by cooling and solidification of molten rock below the surface

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5
Q

Three basic rock types

Sedimentary

A

Rock is disintegrated into sediments

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6
Q

three basic rock types

Metamorphic

A

It’s when the original form of the rock is changed by heat and pressure

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7
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

surrounding rocks insulate, slowing cooling

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8
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

rapid cooling of lava

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9
Q

How does silica content affect mafic versus felsic rocks?

Felsic

A

Higher silica content such as granite makes them more viscous and lighter in color

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10
Q

How does silica content affect mafic versus felsic rocks?

Mafic

A

Lower silica means darker in color

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11
Q

How and where do sedimentary rocks form?

A

Rock is disintegrated into sediment and then build thickness and the pressure causes particles to interlock and cement. Primarily happens in riverbeds/ocean floors

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12
Q

Considering the rock cycle, how can one rock type turn into another?

A

Weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, melting, and metamorphism

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13
Q

What evidence supports the theory of Continental Drift?

A

-Same land animals/species on two different continents

-two continents with the same geologic features such as africa and South America

-sea floor spreading

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14
Q

how do we know

Seafloor spreading

A

-When volcanic eruptions create new basaltic ocean floor and spreads away

-Paleomagnetism - past magnetic orientation of earth’s magnetic field reveals that the ocean floor was spreading away.

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15
Q

Plate boundaries

Divergent

A

Two plates diverge from one another

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16
Q

Plate boundaries

Convergent

A

location of two colliding lithospheric plates, one plate going down

Oceanic - continental
Oceanic - Oceanic
Continental - Continental

17
Q

plate boundaries

Transform

A

two plates move laterally/vertically, boundaries neither create nor destroy crust

18
Q

Hot spots

A

not associated with plate boundaries

caused by mantle plutes

produces flood basalts creating islands

19
Q

why do volcanoes have different shapes

A

due to differences in magma and eruption style

20
Q

Pyroclastics, why are they not magma or lava

A

tiny pieces of solid volcanic rock ejected in an eruption

21
Q

What is folding, types of folding

Folding
Anticlines
Synclines

A

Crust becomes compressed

Anticlines - upfold, produces mountains or hills

Synclines - downfold, produces valleys

22
Q

What is faulting, types of faulting?

Faulting
Normal Fault
Strike-slip Fault

A

structure is broken and one side is displaced (vertical or horizontal)

Normal fault - results from tension stress, very steep incline fault zone

Strike-slip fault - adjacent blocks moving horizontally, laterally to each other

23
Q

Epicenter

Earthquakes

A

seismic waves in earth from sudden displacement along a fault line

epicenter - location on the ground directly above the origin of earthquake