FINALS

Question 1

Weathering vs erosion

Answer 1

weather is breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces

erosion is removal, transport, and deposition of smaller rocks

Question 2

types of mass wasting

Answer 2

rock slides, mudflows, slumps, creep

Question 3

Watershed/drainage basin

Answer 3

a drain or sink, contributes to overland flow, streamflow, and groundwater

Question 4

(Fluvial process)
Splash erosion vs sheet erosion vs rill erosion

Answer 4

Splash erosion - raindrops blast rocks upward

sheet erosion - water flows in thin sheets and move loose materials

rill erosion - flow becomes tiny separated channels

Question 5

(Fluvial process)
Dissolved load vs suspended

Answer 5

dissolved loads - minerals like salt stays afloat

suspended - particles like clay in suspension and sinks if not moved.

Question 6

(Fluvial Process)
Stream capacity vs perennial stream, intermittent stream, ephemeral stream

Answer 6

stream capacity - measure of the amount of solid material a stream has the potential to transport

perennial stream - permanent streamflow

intermittent stream - only part of the year

ephemeral stream - only flows during and after rain

Question 7

Where and why does deposition occur?

Answer 7

transported material set down when stream flow decreases, deposits alongside bank where it water is flowing slowly

Question 8

stream aggradation

Answer 8

raising of channel bed due to deposition build up

Question 9

how can a stream rejuvenate?

Answer 9

lowering of sea level, increase of elevation from tectonic uplift

Question 10

whats dissolving in a karst system?

Answer 10

carbonate rock (limestone)

Question 11

Basic features of a cave

Answer 11

stalactite = from the top
stalagmite = from the bottom
column = when stalactite and stalagmite meet

Question 12

geyser vs spring

Answer 12

a spring is water heated by magma, a geyser is a hot spring that erupts

Question 12

why are arid lands so easily eroded?

Answer 12

lack of vegetation

Question 13

exotic vs ephemeral streams

Answer 13

exotic streams = permanent streams sustained by water that originates outside the desert

ephemeral stream - carries water only after rain and then water evaporates (temporary)

Question 14

landscape features that can develop in an arid landscape

Answer 14

sand dunes, rock formations, dry riverbeds

Question 15

how does a playa form

Answer 15

when rainwater fills a clay-filled basin

Question 16

Mesa vs butte vs pinnacle

Answer 16

Mesa = flat topped surface
buttes = flat topped but smaller
pinnacle = pillar form

Question 17

arches vs bridges

Answer 17

arches = shaped by weathering and erosion
bridges = shaped by flowing water

Question 18

what effects from the pleistocene can be seen in california?

Answer 18

yosemite (hanging valleys)

Question 19

how do moraines form?

Answer 19

deposition by ice sheets, land consisting of till.

Question 20

what is the cause of waves and how do we measure

Answer 20

cause = wind
measure = wave of translation, wave refraction

Question 21

how can waves erode and shape the landscape

Answer 21

tsunami, waves, tides

Question 22

how can sea-levels- rise without adding more water to the ocean?

Answer 22

Eustatic sea-level change

Question 23

how long longshore current shape the landscape?

Answer 23

through breach drifting or a zigzag motion of sediment . transporting sediment along the coastline, leading to the creation of landforms like spits, sandbars, and barrier islands

Question 24

how can coastlines submerge or emerge over time

Answer 24

rise in seal level = shoreline submergence

rise in land = shoreline emergency

Question 25

How can corrals build islands over time

Answer 25

corals stack over time and accumulate upward