midterm 2 lecture terms

Question 1

relative poverty

Answer 1

having less wealth than those around you, causing stress and negative health outcomes.

Question 2

lorenz curve

Answer 2

curve of inequality seen in the preston curve (as opposed to a line of perfect equality).

Question 3

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 3

three stages:
1. alarm reaction.
2. resistance to stress.
3. exhaustion. (occurs when stressor cannot be escaped. no return to homeostasis.)

Question 4

social readjustment rating scale

Answer 4

list of 43 stressful life events. people often rank events similarly in terms of how stressful they are. most damaging events are:
- undesired
- unexpected
- uncontrollable
- non-normative

Question 5

chronic strains

Answer 5

stressors that are more significant than stressful life events. comes with increased risk of:
- weakened immune system
- mental illness
- unhealthy behaviours
- impaired healing

Question 6

role strain

Answer 6

major form of chronic strain. occurs when role is:
- unwanted
- changing
- exceeding ones means and abilities
- conflicting with another role

Question 7

daily hassles

Answer 7

stressors that come and go within a day or two. don’t accumulate to produce chronic stress.

Question 8

social capital theory

Answer 8

states there is an inverse relationship between hierarchy and social connection. leads to conflict and deprives people of resources that come from social ties. (two additions are social relations theory and social isolation theory).

Question 9

social relations theory

Answer 9

people with similar wealth congregate in the same neighbourhoods. the same thing happens with cultural differences. diminishes social cohesion and results in poor health outcomes.

Question 10

social isolation theory

Answer 10

wealth gets pulled out of less wealthy areas, concentrating wealth in one area. concentrates health outcomes as well.

Question 11

anomie

Answer 11

state of being normless. weakens social bonds and leads to the breakdown of social cohesion, antisocial behaviour, and crime.

Question 12

primatology

Answer 12

the study of hierarchy in nonhuman animals. finds there are poor health outcomes for those at the bottom of the hierarchy.

Question 13

psychosocial inequality model

Answer 13

perception of social ranking leads to shame and distrust, which results in chronic stress and unhealthy behaviours.

Question 14

cumulative advantage hypothesis

Answer 14

idea that small advantages accumulate to have larger benefits over time.

Question 15

vulnerability

Answer 15

characteristic of person that makes them more susceptible to certain harmful outcomes.

Question 16

exposures

Answer 16

coming into contact with something you may be vulnerable to.

Question 17

cohort effect

Answer 17

outcome seen for people born at a particular time.

Question 18

life-course effect

Answer 18

outcome that becomes more common as life goes on.

Question 19

why men choose to do more dangerous tasks?

Answer 19

1. toughness
2. risk-taking behaviour
3. justification for payment
4. self-preservation

Question 20

explanations for roseto effect?

Answer 20

1. collective responsibility for children.
2. aversion to conspicuous consumption.
3. sense of social solidarity.

Question 21

social ties

Answer 21

connections to others as part of primary and secondary groups. make up networks.

Question 22

primary group

Answer 22

the small group of people that you spend the most amount of time with, usually your immediate family. these groups are informal and more emotionally meaningful time is spent with them.

Question 23

secondary group

Answer 23

a more informal and impermanent group. easier to enter and leave.

Question 24

social network theory

Answer 24

groups can be understood in terms of:
- number of contacts
- frequency of contact
- density of contacts

Question 25

extended contact theory

Answer 25

contact with person who had positive contact with an out-group can increase your acceptance for the out-group.

Question 26

hunkering down

Answer 26

many diverse groups leads to extra-group hostility, which decreases intra-group solidarity as well.

Question 27

structural racism

Answer 27

different institutional outcomes for people on the basis of race. different groups affected differently.