introduction

Question 1

susceptibility

Answer 1

degree to which a biological entity is vulnerable to the threat posed by a risk factor.

Question 2

resilience

Answer 2

biological entity’s capacity to resist injury or disease.

Question 3

conventional model of health and disease

Answer 3

assumes health-relevant outcomes are consequence of the interaction between variables associated with resilience/vulnerability (such as age and genetic inheritance) and biological and behavioural variables (such as pathogens, toxins, level of exercise). biomedical and behavioural variants of risk factor analysis/model are the two main examples.

Question 4

risk factors

Answer 4

variables that contribute to the probability of an adverse health outcome.

Question 5

medical model

Answer 5

a focus on the biological or physical aspects of disease or disability.

Question 6

epidemiology

Answer 6

study of the patterns, causes, and effects of various health-related features in a population.

Question 7

risk factor analysis

Answer 7

reductionist approach to determining the probability of a disease or death by calculating the potential impact of agent variables (pathogens, toxins), biologic marker variables (blood pressure, blood-lipid profile), and behavioural variables (exercise, sexual habits) on an individual.

Question 8

population attribute

Answer 8

characteristic of group of people that does not apply to each individual making up group.

Question 9

political economy

Answer 9

the social science that studies the relationships between individuals and the community and markets and the government.

Question 10

health inequalities

Answer 10

patterned differences in disease incidence, disability, and life expectancy between sub-populations.

Question 11

health inequities

Answer 11

patterned differences in disease incidence, disability, and life expectancy between sub-populations that arise from conditions that can be changed by collective action, such as changes in public policies.