chapter 4 (wealth & health)

Question 1

collinearity

Answer 1

situation in which predictive variables are highly correlated making it difficult to ascertain the relative importance of each. (ex: education, income, high-quality job, and good neighbourhood all highly correlated with each other).

Question 2

preston curve

Answer 2

the cross-sectional relationship between different countries life expectancy and per capita income that forms a concave curve that increasingly flattens as incomes rise.

Question 3

asymptotic

Answer 3

a curvilinear relationship in which, as values get higher, the relationship between the variables approaches zero. (ex: preston curve).

Question 4

social capital

Answer 4

collective benefits arising from co-operative attitudes and practices, grounded in trust and reciprocity.

Question 5

GINI coefficient

Answer 5

widely used measure of income inequality where 0 is assigned to a hypothetical population that shares everything equally and a 1 is assigned to a population where one individual has everything. real-world countries range from very equal scores of around 0.20 to very unequal scores of 0.50.

Question 6

food insecurity

Answer 6

the risk of avoidable health problems associated with diet due to a lack of resources required to secure an adequate, nutritious supply of food on a regular, ongoing basis.

Question 7

residualism

Answer 7

the policy belief that society is better off when only very limited public support is provided to individuals and everyone is expected to rely upon their own resources, with some assistance from private sources such as family, charities, and churches.