chapter 7 (social support, exclusion, capital, & racism) Flashcards
attachment and regulation
by “attachment” durkheim meant ties to other people. as a social-science measure, estimates the degree of interaction among people and the quality of it.
by “regulation” durkheim meant the exercise of social control over the individual (ex: governed by group, societal norms and expectations). partly a function of integration (more integrated you are in group, more likely to reflect their beliefs, values, and behaviour).
social support
characteristics of social interaction that are potentially helpful to the individual, such as emotional support (empathy and caring) and instrumental support (assistance, providing information, and guidance). about quality of interaction.
social networks
an individual’s number of contacts and frequency of interaction with them. contacts can be mapped, showing the relationship among the members of groups and deriving measures of extent and frequency of contact (network analysis). about the amount of interaction.
conflict theory
in original form, a social theory that contends that groups with more resources will use their advantage to exploit less privileged groups. broader version holds that groups help to maintain their identity by adopting exclusionary practices and cultivating negative views of non-group members.
contact theory
opposite of conflict theory. based on assertion that more frequent contact with people unlike members of one’s own group enhances acceptance.
secondary transfer effects
intergroup contact influences not only attitudes toward group encountered but also attitudes toward others who are different from oneself.
mediated relationship
relationship that exists when a third variable plays a key role between two other variables. ex: how a person was parented (independent variable) affects their competence as a parent (dependent variable).
confounded relationship
potentially causal relationship is confounded when the real causal agent is closely associated with some other variable that appears to be the underlying cause but is spurious. ex: hairdressers have higher rate of cancer. thought to be due to chemical exposure, actually due to smoking.
independent relationship
two or more variables (independent) are associated causally with an outcome (dependent variable), but the independent variables are not associated with each other. ex: asbestos and smoking both associated with cancer, but asbestos exposure and smoking are not associated with each other.
dose response
relationship in which a change in the duration, intensity, or concentration or an exposure directly correlates to a change in the likelihood of a biological response. ex: smoking for longer period of time amounts to greater dose and expected dose response is more lung disease.
social cohesion
extent to which bonds form among members of a group and between groups.
network capital
the amount of informational and other instrumental social supports made available to an individual through the social networks in which he or she is embedded.
healthy immigrant effect
observation that immigrants are usually healthier than both the populations they left and the ones they join. appears to be due to self-selection (only the healthiest people choose to emigrate to a new country).
