Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 201 > Midterm #2 > Flashcards

Midterm #2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

define intelligence

A

the ability to learn, to meet the demands of the environment effectively and ti understand ones mental activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define metacognition

A

the ability to think about ones own thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

charles spearman

A

helped develop a tool for analyzing intelligence, called factor analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

factor analysis & person

A

-charles spearman’s statisical method for determining whether different items on a test correlate highly with one another, thus forming a cluster of iteams (ppl do good in both vocab & verbal skills)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the g factor and person

A

charles spearman

underlies all distinct clusters of mental activity. part of the two fctor theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the s factor and person

A

charles spearman

the specific factor, tied to that particular area of functioning. part of the two factor theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

thurstones 7 factors of intelligence

A
  • verbal comprehension
  • word fluency
  • numerical skill
  • spatial ability
  • associative memory
  • perceptual speed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

verbal comp & theory person

A

thurstones 7 factor theories of intelligence

vocab, reading, comprehension, verbal analogies, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

word fluency & theory and person

A

thurstone 7 factor theory of intelligence
the ability to quickly generate and manipulate a large number of words with specific characteristics. as in anagrams or rhyming tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

numerical skill theory and person

A

thursone 7 factor theory of intelligence

the ability to quickly and accurately carry out mathamatical operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

spatial ability and person and theory

A

thurstone 7 factor theory

skill in spatial visualization as well as the ability to mentallyy transform spatial figures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

associative memory and person and theory

A

thrustones 7 factor theory of intelligence

- rote memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

perceptual speed and person and theory

A

thurstone 7 factor theory of intelligence

quickness in perceiving visual details, anamalies, similarties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reasoning theory and person

A

thurstone 7 factor theory of intelligence

skill in varitey of inductive, deductive and arithmetic reasoning tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

primary mental activities and person

A

seven distinct mental abilities identified by thurstone as the basic components of intelligence. he was the first to criticize spearmans theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

theory of multiple intelligences and person

A

Howard gardner, he was influenced in part by thurstone
this theory argues that there is not a single unified intelligence. instead gerdner believes that there are several independent intelligences arising from different areas of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does thurstone and gardner theories differ

A
  1. thurstone identified collectively constitue intelligence
  2. gardner believes that various intelligences are best emasured in the contexts in which they occur (real-world eampinations vs paper and pen, real-world is more useful.)
  3. gardners def of multiple intelligences includes an important cultural component
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gardners multiple intelligences

A
  • linguistic
  • logical/mathematical
  • musical
  • spatial
  • bodily/kinesthetic
  • interpersonal
  • naturalistic
  • existentialist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

linguistic def and person and possible job

A

gardner
sensitivity to the sounds and meaning of words
- authroy, jounalist, teacher, blogger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

logical/ mathematical def, person and job

A

gardner
capacity for scientific analysis and logical and mathematical problem solving
- scientist, engineer, mathematician, video game developer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

musical def and person and job

A

gardner
sensitivity to sounds and rhythm; capacity for musical expression
- musician. composer, singer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

spatial def and person and job

A

gardner
ability to accurately percieve spatial relationships
- architect, navigator, sculptor, athlete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

bodily/kinesthetic def and person and job

A

gardner
ability to control body movements and manipulate objects
- athelete, dancer, surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

intrapersonal def and person and job

A

gardner
sensitivity to the emotions and motivations of others, skillful at managing others
-manager, therapist, teacher, twitter influencer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

naturalistic def person and job

A

gardner
ability to understand patterns and processes in nature
-biologist, naturalist, ecologist, farmer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

existentialist def and person and job

A

gardner
ability to understand religious and spiritual ideals
- philospher, religious scholars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

triarchic theory of intelligence and person

A

robert sternberg

made up of three interacting components: internal, external, and experiential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

internal def and person

A

sternberg
(analytic) this component of intelligence relates to the internal processing of intfo/ aquiring info, planning, monitoring and evaluating problems or carrying out directions. This is the ort of intelligence that is needed for striaghtforward tasks and problems confronted with at work or school.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

external def and person

A

sternberg
(creative) some tasks require a special way of thinking. a mroe creative way of thinking which also relates to the internal part of thinking.

Ex making it through cutoms at an airport that you do not speak their langauge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

experiential def and person

A

sternberg
(practical)
helps us adapt to our enviroment and improve it.

ex: you just moved to a new town and you find that you cant sleep at night because the hood is noisy. First you move to a diff bedroom, then you try to soundproof the room. if that doesnt work you move to a new house.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

practical intelligence often relies on ___

A

tacit knowledge “action-orientated knowledge, acquired from others, not through direct help. which allows people to achieve their goals.”

32
Q

Bioecological model of intelligence and person

A

Stephan ceci

intelligence is potential abilities, environent anf internal motivation interacting

33
Q

bioecological model of intelligence needs

A
  1. a persons innate abilites develop based on how they interact with enviromental resources (acess to a comp for school success, etc)
  2. ppl could be internally motivated to fulfill their innate abilities and take advantage of their particular enviroments
34
Q

what is the psychometric approach

A

defines intelligence that attempts to measure intelligence with carefully constructed psychological tests

35
Q

what does an intelligence test need

A
  1. a test must function the same in different groups of people
  2. similar iteams on a test must relate both to one another and to the material of interest
    STANDARDIZATION, RELIABILITY, VALIDITY
36
Q

what is reliability and what are the two approaches

A

a test is reliable when it consistently produces similar scores for the same test-takers over time. (getting the same IQ result in 20, 30 and 40s)

  • test-retest reliability (administering test once then once again and getting the same score)
  • split-half reliability ( divide iteams on a single test into two halves to see if the scores correlate highly)
37
Q

reliability key

A

the higher the statistical correlation, the greater the reliabiility. the scores can vary from +-1.00.
a +1.00 score means that the test is highly reliable

38
Q

reliabiility def

A

the degree to which a test produces the same scores over time

39
Q

validity def

A

the xtent to which a test accurately measures or predicts what is it suppose to be predicting or measuring

40
Q

content validity

A

the degree to which the content of a test accurately represents what the rest is intended to measure

41
Q

how can we asses the validity of tests?

A

correlating test scores with an external criterion that we have some confidence in- a correlation called validity coefficient

42
Q

validity coefficient

A

a correlation coefficient that measures validity by correlating a test score with some external criterion

43
Q

predictive validity

A

the extent to which scores on a particular test successfully predict future performance on a measure related to the test

44
Q

normative sample def

A

for a score to have emaning, it must be measured against those who have already taken the test

45
Q

standardization def

A

the use of uniform procedures in administering and scoring a test

46
Q

normal distribution def

A

a symmetical, bell-shaped distribution in whoch most scores are in the middle, with similar groups of equal size at either end

47
Q

what is the median score and what does it indicate

A

it indicates the populations central tendencies

it is the score exactly in the middle of distribution

48
Q

mean

A

the average score in a distribution

49
Q

mode

A

the score that occurs most frequently in a distribution

50
Q

who made the first standardized intelligence test

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon. they made it to see how prepared kids were for school nad to separate those with learning disabilities

51
Q

mental age def and person

A

the intellectual age at which a person is functioning as opposed to chronological age
Binet

52
Q

the psychophysical performance theory and person

A

galton
he believed that two quallities distinguished more gifted from less gifted people : a kind of psychic energy and a heightened sensitivity to external stimuli

  • more energy can perform more work, and in turn develop greater intelligence. those with developed senses can take in more info
53
Q

Binet-simon intelligence test USA version

A

better fit for USA kids. LEWIS TERMAN adapted the binet-simon IQ test. the age norms did not apply to american school system, therefore they found an important influence of culture in intelligence testing. the famous IQ was devised

54
Q

how was IQ measured and person

A

terman

he calculated the ratio of mental age to chronological age and multiplied that ratio by 100 (the IQ quiotent)_

55
Q

what did terman want his tests to do

A

he wanted to make it universally fit to weed out those who are not fit to reproduce. He said those who come from culturally rich and successful parents are going to successful themselves, because of heredity

56
Q

David Wechsler and the WAIS

A

saw 2 things wrong witht he stanford-binet test

  1. distinction between mental and chronological age not informative when testing adults
  2. greater fairness when testing those not speaking english as first language
57
Q

the wechsler-bellevue intelligence scale

A

different versions of his tests continue to be published by his associates

58
Q

how is the WAIS divided

A

four scales

  • verbal comphrehesion
  • working memory
  • perceptual reasoning
  • processing speed
59
Q

what does IQ mean

A

intelligence quotient

60
Q

performance on IQ tests at a young age

A

correlate to some degree with better health throughout life, greater independence during old age and a longer lifespan

61
Q

what is fluid intelligence

A

involves dynamic problem-solving abilities independant of previously acquired knowledge. EX is winning at video games

62
Q

what is crystallized knowledge

A

requires an understadning of cultural values and existing knowledge of a subject or the world in general

63
Q

WAIS downfall

A
  • learning experiences and opportunitoes more common in the middle-class setting.
  • everytime a picture of a person waws used during te test, it was a whtie person
64
Q

what is the progressive matrices test

A

attempts to avoid putting one culture at a complete disadvantage. they do this by emphasizing abstract, non-verbal skills

65
Q

stereotype vulnerability or threat def

A

idea that a person will do bad bc it may correlate to a stereotype associated with the group

66
Q

flynn effect

A

an observed rise in IQ scores throughout the world over time

67
Q

emotional intelligence

A

ability to percieve, express and assimilate emotion and to regulate emotion in the self and others

68
Q

creativity

A

ability to produce ideas that are original and valuable

69
Q

3 personality traits that creative ppl have

A
  1. intrinsic motivation (the internal drive to create)
  2. imagination ( ability and willingness to reexamine problems in new ways
  3. game personality (tolerating risk and failure)

others: complex thinking, broad attention, expertise in relevant fields, broad interests, high energy, independence, self-confidence, divergent thinking

70
Q

the bell curve book and the 7 topics

A

richard herrnstein charles murray published book with many controversial topics

  • conventional iq tests accurately measure IQ
  • IQ predicts success and life
  • ppl high IQ form cognitive elite
  • IQ tests should be used as a gating mechanism, to give those with high IQ opportunities
  • IQ hugely heritable
  • clear racial diff
  • genetic factors due to racial diff
71
Q

heritability

A

the overall extent to which differences amon people are attributed to genes. how found out intelligence heritability is about 50%

72
Q

heritability coefficient

A

ranging 0.00 to +1.00

corre;ation coefficient used to indicate the contribution of heredity to some characteristic such as intelligence

73
Q

neural efficiency hypothesis

A

bright individuals show lower brain activity than less bright individuals during ests of low to moderate cognitive difficulty

74
Q

brain lobes and intelligence and the part that connects them

A

partial and frontal lobes are key for understanding intelligence. the arcuate fasciculus that connects those lobes

75
Q

brain entropy def

A

of neural states, or neural configurations a brain can access during a task

Psych 201 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions