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NRG109- BIOETHICS > MIDTERM > Flashcards

MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of philosophy that seeks to determine how
human actions may be judged right or wrong.

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Who said “character is of central importance to ethics, and
one cannot have a good character without having formed good
ethoi or habits.”

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

ETHICS is Greek for _____, and MORALITY comes from ______,
which is Latin for customs.

A

customs;mores

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4
Q

Refers to human conduct and values. Also may be perceived as prescriptions or rules
to guide our actions and behavior

A

Morality

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5
Q

Refers to the study of those. Also may be perceived as a set of analytical tools
or a process that helps to identify right conduct and
determine appropriate behavior

A

Ethics

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6
Q

A branch of knowledge that deals with living
organisms and vital processes.

A

Biology

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7
Q

The field of applied ethics that is concerned with the vast array of moral decision-making situations that arise in the practice of medicine in addition to the procedures and the policies that are designed to guide
such practice.

A

Healthcare Ethics

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8
Q

Healthcare Ethics AKA.

A

Medical Ethics

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9
Q

A multidisciplinary lens through which to view
complex issues and make recommendations
regarding a course of action.

A

Healthcare Ethics

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10
Q

What are the application of the core principles of bioethics

A

Autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice

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11
Q

Are viewed as
synonymous, health ethics is more limited as it
confines itself to the moral behavior in relation
to health.

A

Bioethics and Health Ethics

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12
Q

Moral science that deals with the
obligation of a professional
towards his profession, the
public, and to his client.

A

Professional Ethics

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13
Q

Refers to the moral, social & political problems that
arise from biology & the life sciences generally that
involve, directly or indirectly, human wellbeing.

A

Bioethics

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14
Q

“Bioethics” emerged between _____ to ____

A

1960s;1970

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15
Q

Who is the oncologist that conceptualized bioethics as a comprehensive field of thought
and action

A

Van Potter

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16
Q

Enduring beliefs or attitudes about the worth of a person,
object, idea or action.

A

Values

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17
Q

It influence decision and actions

A

Values

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18
Q

Values are learned through observation &
experience

A

Value Transmission

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19
Q

Influenced by sociocultural environment:

A

Societal traditions
Culture
Ethnic & religious groups
Family and peers

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20
Q

Internalization of
accumulative values derived
from society and environment

A

Personal Value

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21
Q

A process by which people identify, examine, and develop
their own individual values

A

Values Clarification

22
Q

Fundamental professional nursing values
of human dignity, equality, and prevention
of suffering have not varied over time or
across groups

A

Clarifying Nurse’s Value

23
Q

Nurses need to identify clients’
values as they influence and
relate to a particular health
problem

A

Clarifying Client Value

24
Q

What are the process to help clarify their values.

A

List alternatives
Examine possible consequences of choices
Choose freely
Feeling about the choice
Affirm the choice.
Act with a pattern

25
Q

The expected standards of moral
behavior of a particular group as
described in the group’s formal code of professional ethics

A

Ethics

26
Q

The expected standards of moral
behavior of a particular group as
described in the group’s formal code of professional ethics

A

Ethics

27
Q

Refers to private, personal standards of what is right and
wrong conduct, character and attitude.

A

Morality

28
Q

Law reflects moral values of society

A

Distinguish Morality and Law

29
Q

Some religions have differences in moral perspective in
relation to health

A

Distinguish Morality and Religion

30
Q

The process of learning to tell the difference
between right and wrong

A

Moral Development

31
Q

Nurses can use moral theories in explaining ethical decisions and discussions of problematic situations

A

Ethical Theories/Moral Frameworks

32
Q

Three Types of Moral Theories

A

Consequences
Principles & Duties
Relationships

33
Q

Hold only the consequences of actions matter
morally

A

Teleological Theories

34
Q

Actions are morally right if and only they maximize the good (or, alternatively
minimizes the bad).

A

Utilitarism

35
Q

Logical and formal process & emphasize individual rights, duties & obligations

A

Deontological Theories

36
Q

Requires people to follow rules & do their duty

A

Kant’s Theory

37
Q

It stresses courage, generosity,
commitment & the need to nurture and
maintain relationships

A

Relationship-Based Theories

38
Q

Moral norms derive their normative force from the idea of contract or mutual agreement

A

Contractarian Ethics

39
Q

Moral judgments must be made
within the context of the entirety of a situation and that all normative features of a situation must be viewed as a whole.

A

Situation Ethics

40
Q

An action is morally right if the
consequences of that action are
more favorable than unfavorable
only to the agent performing the
action.

A

Ethical Egoism

41
Q

Acceptance of a conduct code based on absolute, indisputable rights and duties

A

Ethical Absolutism

42
Q

Views moral values as entirely relative to
different societies and contexts

A

Ethical Relativism

43
Q

Do not consider consequences

A

Deontological

44
Q

May consider the consequences of moral actions when deciding if they are right or wrong.

A

Teleological

45
Q

An approach that
focuses on character
with the assumption
that a person of good
character will tend to
behave in ways that
are consistent with
their character.

A

Virtue Ethics

46
Q

Concerned with the
character of individual
nurses and seeks ways to
enable nurses to develop
character traits
appropriate for actions
that enhance wellbeing.

A

Virtue Ethics in Nursing

47
Q

5 Essential Nursing Values

A

Altruism
Autonomy
Human Dignity
Integrity
Social Justice

48
Q

Concern for the welfare and well being of others.

A

Altruism

49
Q

Right to self-determination. Respect patient’s right

A

Autonomy

50
Q

Respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of others

A

Human Dignity

51
Q

Honesty as reflected in the code of ethics and accepted standards

A

Integrity

52
Q

Acting in accordance with fair treatment regardless of status, socio-cultural, gender differences

A

Social Justice

NRG109- BIOETHICS (11 decks)

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