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NRG109- BIOETHICS > HE FINALS > Flashcards

HE FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

Model and Definitions

A

Models/perceptions of disabilities that
influence how disabilities are addressed
in society:

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2
Q

4 Models and Definitions

A

The moral model
The medical model
The rehabilitation model
The disabilities (social) model

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3
Q

Views disabilities as sin

Old model that persists in some cultures

Individuals and their families may
experience guilt, shame, denial of care.

United Nations established Standard Rules
on the Equalization of Opportunities for
Persons with Disabilities specifying
fundamental right of access to care.

A

The Moral Model

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4
Q

view disabilities as problems requiring
intervention to cure.

The belief that people with disabilities must
be “cured” has been criticized by advocates.

A

The medical and rehabilitation models

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5
Q

disability as defect/sickness

A

Medical model:

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6
Q

disability as deficiency

A

Rehabilitation model:

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7
Q

most influential on current thinking.

Embraces disability as a normal part of life

Views social discrimination, rather than the
disability itself, as the problem

A

The disabilities model

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8
Q

“A complex phenomenon, reflecting an
interaction between features of a person’s
body and features of the society in which he
or she lives.” (WHO, 2016)

A

Disability

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9
Q

U.S. Social Security Administration defines
disability in terms of an individual’s ability to
work.

A

Disability

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10
Q

Types of Disabilities

A

Sensory disabilities
Learning disabilities
Developmental disabilities
Mental illness
Physical disabilities

Communication disorders

Chronic illness

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11
Q

Sensory Disabilities: Hearing
Impairments

A

Total or partial auditory loss
Incidence increases with age.
Hearing loss described by type, degree, and configuration

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12
Q

Types of hearing loss
(usually correctable, loss in
ability to hear faint noises)

A

Conductive

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13
Q

Types of hearing loss

A

Conductive (usually correctable, loss in
ability to hear faint noises)

Sensorineural (permanent, damage to
cochlea or nerve pathways)

Mixed

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14
Q

Modes of Communication to Facilitate

A

Teaching/Learning:

a.American Sign Language (ASL)

b.Lipreading

c.Written materials

d.Verbalization by client

e.Sound augmentation

f.Telecommunication devices for the deaf
(TDD)

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15
Q

Sensory Deficits: Visual
Impairments (cont’d)

A

Common Eye Diseases of Aging:

Macular degeneration

Cataracts

Glaucoma

Diabetic retinopathy

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16
Q

Learning Disabilities

A

Varied and often unclear causes

Most individuals have normal or superior
intelligence.

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17
Q

Disorders include: of Learning Disabilities

A

Dyslexia

Auditory processing disorders

Dyscalculia

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18
Q

Developmental Disabilities

A

A severe chronic state that is present
before 22 years of age, is caused by mental
and/or physical impairment, and is likely
to continue indefinitely

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19
Q

Developmental Disabilities Included:

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Intellectual disabilities

Asperger syndrome/autism spectrum
disorder

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21
Q

Physical Disabilities: Memory
Disorders Causes included

A

Brain injury

Amnesia

Alzheimer’s disease

Parkinson’s disease

Multiple sclerosis

Brain tumors

Depression

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21
Q

Communication Disorders

A

Deficits affect perception and/or language
production abilities.

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22
Q

Most common residual communication
deficits

A

Global aphasia

Expressive aphasia

Receptive aphasia

Anomic aphasia

Dysarthria

23
Q

A Differentiated View of Ethics,
Morality, and Law

A

Ethics, Ethical
Moral Values
Ethical Dilemmas
Legal rights and duties
Practice Acts

24
Q

Ethics

A

(guiding behavioral principles),

25
Q

ethical

A

(societal behavior standards)

26
Q

Moral values

A

(internal belief system)

27
Q

Ethical dilemmas

A

(moral conflict)

28
Q

Legal rights and duties

A

(rules governing
behavior, enforceable by law)

29
Q

Practice acts

A

(documents defining a
profession)

30
Q

Application of Ethical and Legal
Principles

A

Autonomy, Beneficence, Justice, Confidentiality, Veracity, Nonmaleficence

31
Q

the right of a client to
self-determination

A

Autonomy

32
Q

truth telling; the honesty by a
professional in providing full disclosure
to a client of the risks and benefits of any
invasive medical procedure

A

Veracity

33
Q

a binding social contract
or covenant to protect another’s privacy;
a professional obligation to respect
privileged health information

A

Confidentiality

34
Q

the principle of doing no harm

A

nonmaleficence

35
Q

the doing or nondoing of an
act, pursuant to a duty, that a reasonable person
in the same circumstances would or would not
do, with these actions or nonactions leading to
injury of another person or his/her property

A

Negligence

36
Q

refers to a limited class of
negligent activities that fall within the scope of
performance by those pursuing a particular
profession involving highly skilled and
technical services

A

Malpractice

37
Q

a standard of behavior; a
behavioral expectation relevant to one’s
personal or professional status in life

A

Duty

38
Q

the principle of doing good; acting
in the best interest of a client through
adherence to professional performance
standards and procedural protocols

A

Beneficence

39
Q

equal distribution of goods, services,
benefits, and burdens regardless of client
diagnosis, culture, national origin, religious
orientation, sexual preference, and the like

A

Justice

40
Q

The Information Age

A period in history characterized by:

A

Birth of the Internet, World Wide Web

Development of Internet technology

Wide-scale computer production

Development of user-friendly software

41
Q

“Fourth Industrial Revolution” today is
characterized by technology fusion:

A

Artificial intelligence
Biotechnology
3D printing
Nanotechnology

42
Q

Health Education in a Technology-Based
World: Emerging Concerns (cont’d)

e-Health Code of Ethics: Principles

A

Candor
Honesty
Quality
Informed Consent
Privacy
Professionalism
Responsible partnering
Accountability

43
Q

Healthcare Consumer Education in
a Technological World

A

Gaps exist between those individuals who
have access to information technology
resources and those who do not.

44
Q

Historical risk factors: of Healthcare Consumer Education in
a Technological World

A

Age (>65 years)
Race (African Americans)
Level of Education (<HighSchool)
Household makeup (homes without children)
Presence of disabilities

45
Q

Choosing Instructional
Materials: Major Variables

Characteristics of the Learner

A

Sensorimotor abilities
Reading skills
Motivational levels (locus of control)
Developmental stages
Learning styles
Gender
Socioeconomic characteristics
Cultural backgrounds

46
Q

Choosing Instructional
Materials: Major Variables

Characteristics of the Medium

A

Print
Demonstration
Audiovisual
Nonprint

47
Q

Choosing Instructional Materials:
Major Variables

Characteristics of the Task

A

Characteristics of the Task

48
Q

Commercial and self-composed materials
have own advantages and disadvantages

A

Types of Instructional Materials:
Written Materials

49
Q

Types of Instructional Materials:
Written Materials

Evaluating printed materials:

A

Nature of the audience
Literacy level required
Linguistic variety available
Clarity and brevity
Layout and appearance
Opportunity for repetition
Concreteness and familiarity

50
Q

3D objects allowing learner to immediately
apply knowledge, psychomotor skills while
the teacher gives feedback

A

Demonstration Materials:
Models

51
Q

Abstract thinking, multiple senses

A

Demonstration Materials:
Models

52
Q

Enhances learning for visual, kinesthetic

A

Demonstration Materials:
Models

53
Q

Demonstration Materials:
Models

Types

A

Replicas (resemble)
Analogues (act like)
Symbols (stand for)

54
Q

Types of hearing loss
(usually correctable, loss in
ability to hear faint noises)

A

Conductive

NRG109- BIOETHICS (11 decks)

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