HE FINALS_9 Flashcards
disabilities that
influence how disabilities are addressed
in society:
Models/perceptions
Models and Definitions
The moral model
The medical model
The rehabilitation model
The disabilities (social) model
Views disabilities as sin
Old model that persists in some cultures
The moral model
Individuals and their families may
experience guilt, shame, denial of care.
United Nations established Standard Rules
on the Equalization of Opportunities for
Persons with Disabilities specifying
fundamental right of access to care.
The moral model
view disabilities as problems requiring
intervention to cure.
The medical and rehabilitation models
The belief that people with disabilities must
be “cured” has been criticized by advocates.
The medical and rehabilitation models
disability as defect/sickness
Medical model:
disability as deficiency
Rehabilitation model:
most influential on current thinking.
The disabilities model (social model)
Embraces disability as a normal part of life
Views social discrimination, rather than the
disability itself, as the problem
The disabilities model (social model)
“A complex phenomenon, reflecting an
interaction between features of a person’s
body and features of the society in which he
or she lives.” (WHO, 2016)
Disability
U.S. Social Security Administration defines
disability in terms of an individual’s ability to
work.
Disability
Types of Disabilities
Sensory disabilities
Learning disabilities
Developmental disabilities
Mental illness
Physical disabilities
Communication disorders
Chronic illness
described by type, degree,
and configuration
Hearing loss
Types of hearing loss
Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed
(usually correctable, loss in
ability to hear faint noises)
Conductive
(permanent, damage to
cochlea or nerve pathways)
Sensorineural
Teaching/Learning:
American Sign Language (ASL)
Lipreading
Written materials
Verbalization by client
Sound augmentation
Telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDD)
Common Eye Diseases of Aging
Macular degeneration
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Diabetic retinopathy
Varied and often unclear causes
Most individuals have normal or superior
intelligence.
Learning Disabilities
Learning Disabilities
Disorders include:
Dyslexia
Auditory processing disorders
Dyscalculia
A severe chronic state that is present
before 22 years of age, is caused by mental
and/or physical impairment, and is likely
to continue indefinitely
Developmental Disabilities
Developmental Disabilities
Include:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Intellectual disabilities
Asperger syndrome/autism spectrum
disorder
Physical Disabilities: Memory
Disorders
Causes:
Brain injury
Amnesia
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
Multiple sclerosis
Brain tumors
Depression
Deficits affect perception and/or language
production abilities.
Communication Disorders
Most common residual communication
deficits
Global aphasia
Expressive aphasia
Receptive aphasia
Anomic aphasia
Dysarthria
