BIOETHICS FINALS WK5 Flashcards
◦Withdrawal of the penis before Ejaculation
CONTRACEPTION
◦Abstinence
CONTRACEPTION
◦Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
CONTRACEPTION
◦oral contraceptives (birth control pills), subdermal implants
of synthetic progestin, transdermal patches
◦Emergency contraception: hormonal: levonorgestrel
pill
◦Hormonal: CONTRACEPTION
tubal ligation and vasectomy
◦Surgical sterilization:
◦Cancer cells, sperm, and ova all have a human genetic
code, and on the least restrictive definition of genetic
humanity, such cells would have a _________, implying that
if abortion is impermissible, then so is contraception and
chemotherapy
right to life,
patients possess rights to
contraceptive treatment to reduce
unplanned pregnancy and their resort
to abortion
UTILITARIAN view
◦emphasize that unless a woman can
control her reproductive capacities,
she will not be able to pursue her
personal and professional interests as
well as a man can.
FEMINISTS’ ETHICS view
“access to family planning devices
such as contraceptives and
sterilization”
Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
Act of 2012
◦defined as the premature termination of a
pregnancy resulting in the death of the
embryo or fetus, it is generally
understood to refer to the deliberate
termination of an unwanted pregnancy.
◦it is distinguished from miscarriage
ABORTION
interruption of a pregnancy before the 20th week of
gestation at the woman’s request for reasons other than
maternal health or fetal disease.
ELECTIVE ABORTION:
interruption of a pregnancy before the 20th week of
gestation because it endangers the mother’s life or health or
because the baby presumably would not be normal.
THERAPEUTIC ABORTION:
the expulsion of the products of conception before the 20th
week of gestation without deliberate interference
spontaneous abortions/miscarriage:
refers to the point at which the fetus is able to survive
independently of the mother
viability:
◦abortion has been banned entirely for
over a century
◦mandate imprisonment for women
who undergo abortion, as well as for
any person who assists in the
procedure
Revised Penal Code of the
Philippines
the implication that abortion is permissible in some cases but
not in others.
Judith Jarvis Thomson
argues that the right to life does not always
outweigh the right to decide what happens in and to one’s
own body or, more generally, that the right to life is not a right
to whatever one happens to need to go on living.
Thomson
There are various reasons why abortion
might be considered:
the woman is herself virtually a child
◦ the woman already has more children than she can manage
◦ having a child at this time will interfere with a career
◦ having a child at this time will involve loss of earnings
◦ the woman is a rape victim
◦ the woman is a sexually abused eleven-year-old
◦ the woman has already had three children by Caesarian section
◦ the woman was deserted by her partner when he learned of the pregnancy
◦ the woman is severely mentally defective
◦ the woman is homeless
◦ the fetus is believed to be defective
◦ the woman’s life or health is seriously threatened.
◦The oldest, well established procedure in cases
of untreatable male infertility which has been
regulated and submitted to standard medical
guidelines in most developed countries
Artificial Insemination:
When the husband’s semen is used
◦ homologous or from the husband
AIh:
Artificial Insemination by Donor
◦ Donor’s sperm is used
AID:
becoming
popular because many donor-conceived persons have a
desire and interest in finding out about where they came
from
Anonymous & non-anonymous sperm donations
◦ an attempt to reproduce while simultaneously
rendering reproduction not an act of personal
union but a technological procedure.
Artificial insemination by donor (Aid)
The principle of the inseparability of the unitive
and procreative meanings of sexuality demands
that:
a. the procreative purpose of the sexual act not be deliberately destroyed so as to render a
naturally fertile act sterile;
b. that the procreative purpose of the sexual act not be achieved in isolation from the unitive
expression of the couple’s love
a more radical erosion of the natural bond between
parent and child than AIH because it also involves a
violation of the nontransferable and inalienable rights
to procreation that married partners give one
another.
AId:
does not justify her obtaining a child by an act of
adultery
◦ semen donor himself is being sexually exploited like
a prostitute
AId:
◦a process whereby egg cells are fertilized by
sperm outside the womb.
in vitro fertilization (IVF):
◦involves removing a ripe egg from a woman
and in a glass (in vitro) mixing it with some
semen so that fertilization takes place
in vitro fertilization (IVF):
◦the resulting embryo is then transferred to a
woman’s uterus where it is hoped it will
implant and subsequently develop.
in vitro fertilization (IVF):
Terms of in vitro fertilization
Ectogenesis:
Embryo:
In vitro:
The creation and gestation of a human baby outside the maternal
womb
Ectogenesis:
A term for the developing human being during the first 8 weeks
after fertilization
Embryo:
Outside the human uterus
In vitro:
◦giving people the freedom to choose their
children in this way could lead to further
ethical problems
Sex selection:
◦The bearing of a child by a woman with the aim of turning
it over to another woman
surrogate motherhood
◦a woman who gives birth after carrying the fertilized
ovum of another woman or, more commonly, after
being artificially inseminated with sperm from the
biological father.
surrogate motherhood
