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occupational opto > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Assess vision and its relationship to the environment (home, school, work, recreation,
transportation, underwater, outer space)

A

Environmental Optometry

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2
Q

Environmental Vision KEY QUESTIONS: (2)

A
  1. How efficient (competent, capable) are the eyes in carrying out visual demands (depends on the work and hobbies)? – HEALTH
  2. How safe are they in their working environment? – SAFETY
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3
Q

DANGERS TO VISION (3)

A
  1. Mechanical Hazards
  2. Chemical Hazards
  3. Radiation
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4
Q

Evaluate environment to improve visual performance.

A

Environmental Optometry

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5
Q

A type of general confined space hazard that exist when electrical or mechanical equipment may be accidentally activated.

A

Mechanical Hazards

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6
Q

Mechanical agents are normally described as: (5)

A

LARGE/SMALL
BLUNT/SHARP
FAST-MOVING/SLOW MOVING
STATIONARY
COMBINATION

a. Large (>2mm) or Small (2mm or less)
b. Blunt (Edges that rip or tear tissue) or Sharp (Edges that make a smooth cut or puncture in tissue)
c. Fast-moving (such as metal flakes from a grindstone) or Slow-moving (such as a fist or finger while playing
sports)
d. Stationary (such as a door, cabinet edge, or protruding object)
e. Any combination of (a) through (d)

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7
Q

Mechanical hazards are
agents that are likely to
cause: (4)

A

PENETRATING LACERATION
NON PENETRATING LACERATION
ABRASION
CONTRUSION

a. Penetrating laceration –
puncture
b. Non-penetrating laceration
– cut
c. Abrasion – scratch/scrape
d. Contusion – damage from
pressure exerted by the
material

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8
Q

Common mechanical injury mechanisms:

Injuries typically caused by the following or similar
activities: (7)

A

a. Chiseling; hammering
b. Woodworking
c. Grinding
d. Nailing
e. Drill and lathe use
f. Automobile accidents
g. Explosives

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9
Q

the science concerned with poisons and how they affect the body.

A

Toxicology

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10
Q

Factors which determine the toxicity of a substance (5)

A
  1. Composition of chemicals
  2. Physical state
  3. Amount
  4. Concentration
  5. Particular size
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11
Q

what are the routes of absorption in toxicity of substance (4)

A

oral
topical
injection
inhalation

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12
Q

Duration of Exposure from chemical hazard: (3)

A

ACUTE
SUB-ACUTE
CHRONIC

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13
Q

chemical hazard:

exposure is very short (within minutes or few days)

A

Acute

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14
Q

chemical hazard:

longer than and up to 90 days

A

sub-acute

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15
Q

chemical hazard:

exposure for many days or over month or years

A

chronic

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16
Q

Remedy for chemical hazard: (3)

A

Removal from further exposure
Detoxification
Supportive therapy

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17
Q

these are renal dialysis, oxygen, intravenous fluids, proper nutrition and balance electrolytes in the body

A

supportive therapy

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18
Q

Electromagnetic radiation outside the range of ________ does not significantly contribute to visual perception and some may be harmful to ocular tissue.

A

400-700 nanometers (nm)

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19
Q

types of radiation: (6)

A

a. UV-A
b. UV-B
c. UV-C
d. IR-A
e. IR-B
f. IR-C

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20
Q

315-400nm (less damage to the body)

A

UV-A

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21
Q

280-315 nm

A

UV-B

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22
Q

100-280nm

A

UV-C

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23
Q

extending 760-780nm-1400nm

A

IR-A

24
Q

1400nm-3000nm

A

IR-B

25
Q

3000nm-1mm

A

IR-C

26
Q

The relative spectral effectiveness of radiation in eliciting any particular
biological effect.

A

Action Spectrum

27
Q

TYPES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (7)

A

MICROWAVE
INFRARED
VISIBLE LIGHT
ULTRAVIOLET
XRAY
GAMMA RAYS

28
Q

USED IN MEDICINE FOR KILLING CANCER CELLS

A

GAMMA RAYS

29
Q

USED TO VIEW INSIDE OF BODIES AND OBJECTS

A

X RAY

30
Q

ABSORBED BY THE SKIN, USED IN FLUORESCENT TUBES

A

ULTRAVIOLET

31
Q

MAKES THINGS ABLE TO BE SEEN

A

VISIBLE LIGHT

32
Q

TRANSMIT HEAT FROM SUN, FIRES, RADIATORS

A

INFRARED

33
Q

USED TO BROADCAST TV/RADIO

A

RADIO/TV

34
Q
  • The human ______ absorb ultraviolet radiations in the UV-A range.
A

crystalline lens

35
Q
  • In the UV-A, the cornea has _______transmission while the lens has high absorption.
A

substantial

36
Q
  • Long periods of exposure UV-A RADITATION may lead to the development of:
A

human Brunescent Nuclear Cataract.

37
Q

_______is quite susceptible to UV-A damage to the retina.

A

Aphakic Eye

38
Q

is the part of the eye that is most susceptible to radiation damage.

A

Lens

39
Q

______ maybe less endangered if the implant has a UV-absorber.

A

Pseudophakic (Intraocular lens implant)

40
Q
  • For protection, use a________ that absorb UV radiation.
A

plastic lens with UV-absorber

EX.
life guard
UV-400
treated
polycarbonate

41
Q

Glass lens that absorb a high % of UVA (4)

A

photobrown
extra photogrey
yellow
autumn lens

42
Q

it is the longest wavelength reaches deep into the layers of the skin causing wrinkling and aging

A

UVA

43
Q

has the largest effect on the top layer of the skin causing redness, burning, skin cancer

A

UVB

44
Q

shortest wavelength within the atmosphere

A

UVC

45
Q

Absorbed in the cornea and conjunctiva; sufficiently high doses will
cause:
a.Keratoconjunctivitis
b.UV Keratitis

A

UV-B and UV-C Radiation

46
Q

painful effect known as SNOW BLINDNESS or to Welders as FLASH BURN

A

a. Photokeratitis –

47
Q

UVB AND UVC CAN CAUSE (4)

A

a. Photokeratitis
b. Pain and irritation of the eyes
c. Excessive lacrimation
d. Spasm of the eyelids

48
Q

UVB AND UVC

Implicated in variety of other conjunctival and corneal
lesions, including: (3)

A

a. Pinguecula
b. Pterygium
c. Nodular-shaped Keratopathy

49
Q

certain disease can be triggered by exposure to UV radiation

(e.g. herpes simplex, keratitis and recurrent erosions of the cornea)

A

Nodular-shaped Keratopathy

50
Q

INFRARED RADIATION (IR)

  • Adverse biological effects (3)
A

a. Cataract (Glass Blower’s, Glass Washers, Furnaceman’s Cataract)
b. Flash burns of both skins and the cornea of the eye
c. Heat stress from less thermal radiations

51
Q

______transmits IR-A and very susceptible to far IR-C.

The threat to the iris and crystalline lens from IR is from near infrared IR-A.

A

Cornea

52
Q

A non-profit organization that coordinates the voluntary development and maintenance of
standards used by business and industry, government agencies, educational institutions and
others.

A

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTITUTE (ANSI)

53
Q

______ lenses are now required by the______ for all
______

A

Impact resistant

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

street-wear eyeglasses and sunglasses.

54
Q

This standard represents the consensus of concerned manufacturers, consumers, and government agencies, scientific, technical and professional organizations.

A

ANSI

55
Q

Minimum Requirements for Eye Protection (9)

A
  1. Provides adequate protection against particular hazard for which they were designed
  2. Reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions
  3. Fit snuggly and not unduly interfere with the movement of the wearer
  4. Cleaned easily
  5. Capable of being disinfected
  6. Durable
  7. Kept clean in good repair
  8. Made of non-combustible or slow burning materials
  9. Distinctively marked as industrial safety wear in the manufacturers name or trademark on the lenses and
    Z87 logo on the frame.

occupational opto (11 decks)

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