chap 16

Question 1

CHAPTER 16 –

Answer 1

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY AND THE MULTIEMPLOYER WORKSITE DOCT

Question 2

Four Leading Hazards

Answer 2

1. Falls from elevations
2. Struck by
3. Caught in-between
4. Electrical Shock

Question 3

● Construction employees often work from
heights, which can be hazardous.
● It is common on commercial and construction and residential construction
sites.
● Protection comes in the form of guardrails,
fall protection systems (such as safety nets, fall arrest system (such as body harnesses and lanyards, or monitored separation from the fall hazard by distance from the edge.
● Workers would be equipped with hard hats and steel-toed shoes if necessary in appropriate circumstances.

Answer 3

FALLS FROM ELEVATIONS

Question 4

Identify the Problem

Lax safety practices in residential construction Residential construction workers are also entitled to do protection on commercial job sites.

Scaffolding is another critical area requiring special attention to protect workers from falls that includes:
- Firm footing or anchorage to support intended load
- A competent person to erect, move, dismantle, or alter the scaffold. It is the one who is capable of identifying existing hazards.

Question 5

Ladder Hazard
- Standard guardrail systems or personal fall
arrest systems (harnesses) are required at a working height of more than 10 feet above a lower working level
- Capability of supporting four times the intended load
- Planking of scaffold grade (it will have markings to show it is appropriate)
- ‘‘Where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap shall occur only over supports, and shall not be less than 12 inches unless the platforms are nailed together or otherwise restrained to prevent movement.”
- Unsecured scaffold planking extends a minimum of 6 inches beyond the ends of the scaffold support.
- Flat planking extends no more than 12 inches past the scaffold support if the planking is 10 feet or less in length, and no more than 18 inches if the planking is over 10 feet in length.
- Overhead protection provided, No slippery conditions, and No work during high winds or storms

Question 6

STUCK BY AND CAUGHT IN-BETWEEN
- Safety professionals should not automatically resort to PPE to solve construction worksite problems.

• Behavior modification and engineering are better approaches for protecting workers from fast moving objects than a reliance on PPE.
• There are many recorded cases of workers being struck by moving equipment or machinery on a construction site.
• The employer should implement procedures to ensure that equipment is never moved without someone watching where the equipment is moving and making certain that everyone is out of the way.
• Proper training on worksite procedures can help prevent caught between incidents.
• Supervisors should be trained to watch out
  for the welfare of employees and correct
  them when they see unsafe behaviors.
• Unsecured or improperly secured loads
  can also be a problem.
• Improper instruction of workers regarding
  movement about the worksite and around machinery can also cause accidents.

Question 7

OSHA FATAL FOUR and %

Answer 7

Falls 36% 2%
Struck by objects 10%
Electrocutions 9%
Caught in between

Question 8

1 cause of construction-related fatalities

Answer 8

Falls 36%

Question 9

● According to a NIOSH alert, it has been estimated that at least 700 occupational electrocutions occur each year.
● One of the primary goals of any safety program should be to prevent workers from contacting electrical energy

Answer 9

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Question 10

_____divides voltage into two categories: 600 volts or less (low voltage) and greater than 600 volts (high voltage).

Answer 10

National Electrical Code (NEC)

Question 11

can cause the heart to stop completely. When the circuit breaks, the heart may resume beating normally. But if there are also extensive burns, death may result anyway.

Answer 11

High-voltage contacts

Question 12

Live parts of_____ must be guarded against accidental contact. Brief contact with low voltage may not cause a burn, but it could cause ventricular fibrillation (a rapid, ineffective heartbeat).

Answer 12

50 volts or more

Question 13

For obvious reasons, someone on the construction site should have a working knowledge of basic electricity.

All work is to be done in compliance with the NEC, unless the regulations provide otherwise.

Electrical energy needs to be kept separate from all employees. This means that any electrical equipment or tools not double insulated must be_____ and all cords should be of the____ attached.

Answer 13

grounded
three-wire type with grounding

Question 14

Electricity and water don’t mix. Use) for tools and for any equipment or appliances that might be used in a damp location.

Any temporary electrical systems should be inspected regularly (at least weekly) for proper connections, polarity, etc.

Answer 14

ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs

Question 15

A ______should be used to ensure that all ground wires are properly connected. Follow all regulations regarding lockout/tagout. This is particularly true regarding electricity

Answer 15

polarity tester

Question 16

Working more than 6 feet or more above a lower level

Answer 16

Harness lanyard

Question 17

Errant vehicles, distracted drivers

Answer 17

High visibility hat, vest, pants

Question 18

Sharp or hot objects, chemical orbiological hazard

Answer 18

Hand protection

Question 19

Blowing dust or particles metal showings, acids or caustic liquids welding light

Answer 19

Eye protection

Question 20

Protection from chainsaw

Answer 20

Chap pants

Question 21

OTHER HAZARDS

Answer 21

1. Trenching

Question 22

OSHA requires adequate means of egress from any trench 4 or more feet deep in the form of ladders, steps, ramps, or the like. These need to be placed within 25 feet of travel for any worker.

Question 23

is a particularly hazardous area on construction sites. Even relatively shallow trenches are capable of trapping and suffocating a worker within their walls.

Answer 23

Trenching

Question 24

Many accidents occur because no one took into account the specific conditions associated with the site of the trench.

Traffic, heavy structures nearby, a high water table, weather, and soil type are among factors contributing to weakened trenches.

Before beginning the job, a thorough analysis of the area to be trenched by a competent person must be performed.

Question 25

are often encountered on construction sites. In this case, an employee is standing by while another is in the manhole. Notice the equipment used to provide fresh air in the confined space.

Answer 25

Confined space hazards

Question 26

If the dirt wall at the sides of this excavation were to collapse, a fatality could result.

Answer 26

Potential for Collapse

Question 27

Saws on construction sites frequently lack guards, grounding, and other protections that should be afforded every worker

Answer 27

Saw Without Guard

Question 28

_____ first arose in the construc- tion industry, where the presence of numerous contractors and subcontractors on one site sometimes made it difficult to determine who was responsible for safety violations.

Answer 28

Multiemployer Worksite Doctrine

Question 29

The first things that must be reviewed are the contract and the safety qualifications of the prospective contractor, otherwise known as contractor qualifications.

Answer 29

Contractor Qualifications and Programs

Question 30

Three sources of information provide ways for an employer to evaluate the probable safety performance of a prospective contractor.

Answer 30

1. Experience modification rates for workers’ compensation insurance.
2. OSHA incident rates for recordable injuries and illnesses.
3. Contractor safety practices and written procedures.

Question 31

The employer must retain completed forms for five years and the following information can be obtained from them:

Answer 31

1. Number of fatalities and injuries
2. Number of days involving lost or restricted
   time
3. Incident rates based on the employer’s
   annual hours-worked calculation

Question 32

As with any safety program, a few of the things to be considered are:

Answer 32

1. Management commitment
2. Written safety program
3. Hazard assessments
4. Training programs and employee
   qualifications
5. Emergency plans and procedures
6. Accident reporting protocol
7. Regular safety meetings and inspections

Question 33

4 Categories of Multiemployer Worksite:

Answer 33

1. Controlling Employer
2. Creating Employer
3. Correcting Employer
4. Exposing Employer

Question 34

___is the employer who, by contract or actual practice, has the responsibility and authority for ensuring that hazardous work conditions are corrected

Answer 34

Controlling Employer

Question 35

The employer whose activities actually create a hazardous condition.

Answer 35

Creating Employer

Question 36

• The employer that has the responsibility for correcting the hazardous condition.

Answer 36

Correcting Employer

Question 37

• Any employer whose workers are exposed to the hazardous condition.

Answer 37

Exposing Employer