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occupational opto > chap 15 > Flashcards

chap 15 Flashcards

1
Q

CHAPTER 15 TITLE

A

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
A. LISTED WASTE

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2
Q

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), enacted in 1976, is the principal Federal law in the U.S. governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste

A
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3
Q

LISTED WASTE

A

F-list
- From nonspecific sources or generic waste streams
K-list
- Fromspecificsources
P-list
- Acutelytoxichazardouswaste
U-list
- Commercial chemical products,

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4
Q

Was passed in 1975 to give the Department of Transportation (DOT) the authority to regulate the transportation of hazardous materials by air, waterways, rail, or highway

A

Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA)

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5
Q
  • Was passed in 1976 by the Congress to give broad powers to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate the production and use of potentially hazardous chemicals and to ensure that new chemicals do not pose unreasonable hazards
A

Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

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6
Q
  • Was passed in 1976 by Congress to direct the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement a program that would ‘‘protect human health and the environment from improper hazardous waste management’’
A

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

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7
Q

large companies producing more than 1000 kg of hazardous waste per month

A

Early regulations

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8
Q

Producers of between 100 - 1000 kg hazardous waste per month

A

Subsequent amendment

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9
Q

is something unwanted, usually a solid, liquid, or a contained gas.

It is the responsibility of the generator to determine if the waste is nonhazardous, hazardous, or acutely hazardous.

A

waste

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10
Q

EPA classifies waste as hazardous if, through improper handling, it can cause injury or death or can damage or pollute the environment.

A

Hazardous Waste

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11
Q

Section 40 CFR Part 261 – “Identification and Listing of Hazardous Waste.’’

A
  1. Listed Waste
  2. Characteristic Waste
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12
Q

Characteristic Wastes / TCLP Wastes / D Wastes

A

● Ignitable wastes
● Corrosive wastes
● Reactive wastes
● Toxic characteristic wastes

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13
Q

Ignitable wastes - have a flash point lower than 140 degrees Fahrenheit
● Corrosive wastes - are acidic (at or below a pH of 2) or caustic (at or above 12.5 pH)
● Reactive wastes - produce violent results when mixed with water, air, or other chemicals
● Toxic characteristic wastes - contain specified percentages of specific metals, pesticides, or organic chemicals

Wastes that exhibit any one of the four (4) mentioned characteristics are referred to as characteristic wastes or TCLP wastes and are coded as D wastes.

A
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14
Q

● They are discovered by testing the waste stream with the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP).
● This test is used to determine the amount of chemical that would leach out into the groundwater under specific conditions.

A

TOXIC CHARACTERISTIC WASTES

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15
Q

● Once it has been determined the waste produced by a plant is hazardous, the facility becomes a hazardous waste generator.
● Total hazardous waste it generates per calendar month must be determined.
● The correct generator status is important because different regulations apply to each different status.

A

Determining Generator Status

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16
Q

Three Generator Status

A

Limited-quantity Generator
Small-quantity Generator
Large-quantity Generator

17
Q
  • Less than 100 kg of hazardous waste per month
  • Not required to obtain an EPA identification number but most licensed waste haulers will require an EPA identification number to ship the waste off-site
A

Limited-quantity Generator

18
Q
  • Between 100-1000 kg of hazardous waste per month
  • Required to obtain an EPA identification number
  • They can accumulate up to 6,000 kilograms of hazardous waste in any 180-day period.
  • If hazardous waste is to be transported more than 200 miles, the generator is allowed to accumulate up to 270 days.
A

Small-quantity Generator

19
Q
  • 1000 kg of hazardous or 1 kg of acutely hazardous waste per month
  • If the hazardous waste must be transported more than 200 miles, the generator is allowed to accumulate hazardous waste for 180 days.
A

Large-quantity Generator

20
Q

● A Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity (Form 8700-12) must be requested from the U.S. EPA or state EPA.
● If the facility is a treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facility, additional forms must be completed.
● Once the EPA has reviewed the form, a 12-character EPA ID number will be assigned to the facility.

A

Obtaining an EPA Identification Number

21
Q
  • In 1980, _____ was passed.
A

CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

22
Q

CERCLA, also known as___, gives the government authority to pursue potentially responsible parties (PRPs) for past and future cleanup costs at abandoned waste dumps and other places where hazardous substances have been released

A

Superfund

23
Q

_____was proposed as a more stringent response to hazardous waste releases

A

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)

24
Q
  • Both SARA and CERCLA address hazardous substance releases into the environment and the cleanup of inactive hazardous waste disposal sites
  • Under SARA, any company with threshold quantities of extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) must contact state and local emergency planners and the fire department
  • Threshold quantities refer to specified amounts of certain chemicals. If the company has these chemicals, it must also submit copies of its Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) to the fire department and emergency planners.
  • If a company exceeds certain thresholds, it will have to submit chemical inventory forms to state and local firefighters
A
25
Q

Tier I forms are submitted by March 1 each year
Tier II forms are submitted when requested by emergency response officials

A

EPA TIERS

26
Q
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets requirements for the health and safety of hazardous waste workers, RCRA/TSD site workers, and emergency responders.
  • This regulation is also known as HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response).
A

HAZWOPER

27
Q

sets standards on the amount of training that employees at hazardous waste sites must have in order to protect their health and safety

A

HAZWOPER

28
Q

● Everyone who is going to be involved with the hazardous waste operations must be trained for a minimum of 40 hours of initial instruction off-site and three days of actual field experience under trained supervision.
● The employees must have additional training if the hazards they are working with are unique or special.
● Supervisors must have the same training as the other employees, plus an additional eight hours of specialized training on managing a hazardous waste operati.
● Workers at TSDs (treatment, storage, and disposal) facilities and emergency responders must have a minimum of 24 hours of initial training.
● Workers in all categories must complete an eight-hour refresher course annually.
● Workers at points where hazardous waste is generated must also be trained in 29 CFR 1910.1200, the Hazard Communication Standard (also referred to as HAZCOM).

A
29
Q
  • Also known as HAZCOM
A

Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)

30
Q

OSHA enacted HAZCOM to the seriousness of this health and safety problem in 1983

Often referred to as the__

After the passage (enactment) of SARA, it
has been typically referred to as the
HAZCOM Standard.

The regulation refers to_____

A

right-to-know standard

“any chemical which is a physical or health hazard”

31
Q

There are four basic requirements under
the HCS:

A
  1. Written hazard communication
    program
  2. Labeling
  3. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
  4. Employee training
32
Q

Written Program

The employer must develop, implement, and maintain at the workplace a written hazard communication program that contains at least the following information:

A
  • Information explaining labels and other forms of warning
  • Information on location and availability of MSDSs
  • Details of how the employee training requirements are to be satisfied
  • A list of all the hazardous chemicals known to be present in the workplace
  • The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards involved in nonroutine tasks and the hazards associated with chemicals contained in unlabeled pipes in their workplace areas
33
Q

Chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers must ensure that each container of hazardous chemicals leaving their locale is labeled, tagged, or marked with the following information:
- Identity of the hazardous chemical
- Appropriate hazard warnings
- Name and address of the manufacturer,
distributor, importer, or other responsible party

A

Labeling

34
Q

The employer is required to
- Ensure that all incoming shipments are
properly labeled and the information is in
English
- Ensure that all labels on existing stock are
in place, legible, and are not removed or
defaced
- Ensure that all portable containers are
labeled unless it is for the immediate use of the employee that makes the

A
35
Q

The employer is required to
- Ensure that all incoming shipments are
properly labeled and the information is in
English
- Ensure that all labels on existing stock are
in place, legible, and are not removed or
defaced
- Ensure that all portable containers are
labeled unless it is for the immediate use of the employee that makes the transfer

A
36
Q

The complete MSDS contains the following information in English (the employer may also maintain copies in other languages):
- The identity used on the label
- The chemical and common names of all
ingredients known to be health hazards, physical hazards, or carcinogens The act specifies certain percentages of composition.
- Physical and chemical characteristics of the hazardous chemical such as vapor pressure or flashpoint
- Physical hazards of the hazardous chemical
- Health hazards of the hazardous chemical - Primary routes of entry
- PELs, TLVs, and other recommended
exposure limits
- Whether the chemical is listed as a
carcinogen or potential carcinogen
- Precautions for safe handling and use

A

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

37
Q

The employee training shall include the following:
- The requirements of 1910.1200
- Any operations in their work area where
hazardous chemicals are present
- The location and availability of the written program, including lists of hazardous
chemicals and MSDSs
- Methods and observations used to detect
the presence or release of hazardous
chemicals in the work area
- The physical hazards and health hazards
of the chemicals present in the employees’
work areas
- How employees can protect themselves
from the chemical hazards
- Details of the hazard communication
program developed by the employer, including an explanation of the labeling system, the MSDSs, and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information

A

Training

38
Q

Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200

A

Written Program
Labeling
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
Training

occupational opto (11 decks)

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