chap 12 Flashcards
CHAPTER 12 TITLE
IMPROVING SAFETY PERFORMANCE WITH BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY
Behavior-based safety is commonly called______
Behavioral safety is not an alternative to traditional safety programs; it is one component of a comprehensive effort.
There are a wide variety of theories and techniques under the name of behavior-based safety. The behavioral process should be customized for each organization and site.
The purpose of behavioral safety is not simply to improve individual behaviors, but to positively impact the overall safety culture and related safety systems.
behavioral safety.
Misconceptions about Behavioral Safety
Behavioral safety fails to address system cause of injuries
Behavioral Safety is used to blame employees
Behavioral interventions are the least effective intervention.
Behavioral safety allows management to abdicate responsibility for safety
Behavioral safety is a magic bullet
There is no magic bullet. Improving safety performance requires a thorough understanding of related areas of Psychology, Leadership and Culture.
misconception: Behavioral safety is a magic bullet
Management’s behavior is without a doubt the most important behavior in behavioral safety. Everyone’s behavior is important to safety performance; appropriate safety-related behaviors should be defined, measured, and reinforced for managers and all levels of employees.
misconception: Behavioral safety allows management to abdicate responsibility for safety
These are not the first intervention priority. Elimination of hazards, substitution of less hazardous materials, and engineering solutions are all higher-priority interventions than behavioral effort.
misconcetion: Behavioral interventions are the least effective intervention.
Behavioral experts agree that if behavioral safety is used to blame employees it will not work. Blaming employees is the opposite to a proper approach to behavioral safety.
misconception: Behavioral Safety is used to blame employees
Many organizations can demonstrate that behavioral safety actually provides an excellent tool for addressing system causes of injuries
misconception: Behavioral safety fails to address system cause of injuries
Actions increasing the potential consequence of injury or illness. The term is more neutral and less evaluative than
“unsafe behavior”.
AT-RISK BEHAVIOR:
Enduring reactions toward people,
places, or objects based on beliefs and emotional feelings. It includes thoughts, feelings, and predispositions, and are difficult to change.
ATTITUDES
The use of applied behavior analysis methods to achieve continuous improvement in safety performance.
BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY
Theuseofappliedbehavioranalysis methods to achieve continuous improvement in safety performance.
CULTURE
An action taken in an effort to correct or improve a practice or process. In safety, an intervention usually involves an attempt to eliminate or reduce a hazard or risk.
INTERVENTION
An inner drive, impulse, or need that creates a personal incentive toward behavior. An individual’s tendency toward action in a given situation.
MOTIVATION
A number of steps/actions taken in order to accomplish a goal
PROCESS
The study of human behavior. According to The New Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it defines psychology as “the science of mind and behavior” and “the mental behavioral characteristics of an individual or group”
PSYCHOLOGY
Deep-seated beliefs that influence behavior. Core values are commitments individuals hold without compromise.
VALUES
Common Problems with Safety Efforts
(McSween notes four common problems that seriously hinder safety efforts:)
Severe Consequences for Reporting Injuries
Safety Awards Not Related to Behavior
Dependence on Management or Staff for Planning and Decision Making
Reliance on Punishment to Reduce Risky Behavior
Behavior-based safety, is in fact, one of the primary answers to future improvement, but only if and when it does the following:
● Defines the behaviors needed at each level of the organization from bottom to top.
● Ensures that each person clearly understands the required behaviors
● Measure whether the behaviors are, in fact, there
● Rewards (reinforces) the behaviors on a regular basis
_____defines behavior-based safety as the most effective way to approach BBS is as an integrated, interdisciplinary activity, drawing not only from applied behavior analysis, but from quality management, organization development, and safety and risk management.
Krause
Behavior-based safety
The 4 key activities are:
● Identify critical behaviors
● Gather data on those behaviors;
● Provide ongoing, two-way feedback, and
● Remove barriers to safe behavior.
Another strategy used in most behavioral safety processes is the employee-driven or bottom-up approach. This does not mean that management abdicates responsibility and fails to be actively and visibly committed to and involved in the safety effort. Rather, employees drive the behavioral safety process, with support and resources provided by management.
Employee-Driven Processes and Partial Empowerment
Cooper recommends a 9 step implementation process (1998)
- Seek/gain workforce buy-in to the behavioral process prior to implementation.
- Select project team or steering team to implement and run the system.
- Identify the critical safety behaviors that should be addressed.
- Developspecificbehavioralcheckliststhatcover the critical behaviors identified
- Train personnel from each group how to conduct behavioral observations and how to provide feedback to others.
- Establish a baseline of safe behavior by monitoring behavior for 4-6 weeks. Determine the average safe behavior levels during this baseline period.
- Ask each workgroup to set a safety improvement target, using their baseline average as the starting point for comparison.
- Monitor progress in a daily basis and provide detailed feedback to each workgroup on a weekly basis.
- Reviewperformancetrendstoidentifybarriersto improvement
How to Conduct Safety Assessment
Assessments are commonly conducted prior to the implementation of behavioral safety processes. It may be conducted internally, or one of numerous safety consultants who perform safety assessments may be hired for this purpose.
How to Conduct Safety Assessment
McSween notes that making assessment is somewhat analogous to completing a puzzle and recommends the following steps to conducting and assessment:
Step 1. Review the organization’s data, including injury statistics and actual accident reports.
Step 2. Conduct interviews with people from a diagonal slice of the organization.
Step 3. Observe safety meetings, safety audits, and safety practices in work areas.
Step 4. Analyze information and develop an improvement plan.
Step 5. Make a final report and presentation.
An alternative assessment approach for determining organizational readiness is suggested by Cooper.
This approach is based on a ______that allows companies to conduct their readiness assessment at minimal cost. This model is based on a performance equation:
Motivation x Ability = Performance
Praxis Six Cell Analysis Model
allows companies to conduct their readiness assessment at minimal cost.
Praxis Six Cell Analysis Model
The Praxis Model asks six questions at three organizational levels as follows:
To individuals:
• AmIhappytobehavesafely?
• DoIknowhowtobehavesafely?
The Praxis Model asks six questions at three organizational levels as follows:
To workgroups:
• HowwillothersrespondifIbehavesafely?
• Will others provide the help, authority, information, and resources I need to behave
safely?
The Praxis Model asks six questions at three organizational levels as follows:
To the workgroups from an organizational perspective:
• Whatrewardswillwegetforbehavingsafely?
• Do our structures, systems, and environment
facilitate or block us from behaving safely?
