midterm Flashcards
1
Q
Control of the Nobles
A
Required to live at the palace
2
Q
Absolute Monarch
A
King/Queen with absolute control
No sharing of power
3
Q
King Louis XIV (14th)
A
Most absolute monarch “sun king”
4
Q
Palace of Versailles
A
Palace of the King- huge palace to show power and wealth of France
5
Q
Tokaugawa Shogunate
A
Military rulers of Japan
6
Q
Alternate Attendance Policy
A
Daimyo had to lie in Edo every other year
7
Q
Edo
A
Capital City
8
Q
What items were traded lots
A
Spices and raw materials
9
Q
Japan Exclusion Edicts
A
Limited trade with Western European countries, no christianity
10
Q
Which countries closed themselves off from western culture?
A
China and Japan
11
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
Pessimist, people are evil, pro absolute monarch
12
Q
What did Hobbes write?
A
The Leviathan
13
Q
Baron de Montesquieu
A
3 branches of Gov. Checks and balances, separation of powers
14
Q
John Locke
A
Optimist, natural rights, people are good, life, liberty, and property
15
Q
What did Locke write?
A
Two Treatises of Government (if gov. isn’t protecting people can overthrow)
16
Q
Voltaire
A
Freedom of Speech and religion
17
Q
Rousseau
A
Social Contract Theory
18
Q
Mary Wollstonecraft
A
Womens Rights
19
Q
Adam Smith
A
Economist “Lasseiz Faire”– Hands off capitalism
20
Q
What did Adam SMith write?
A
Wealth of Nations
21
Q
What 4 revolutions did enlightenment ideas influence?
A
American, French, Haitan, and Latin American Rev
22
Q
Social Contract Theory
A
Hypothetical Contract between citizen and ruler
23
Q
Enlightened Monarch
A
Monarch that practices with Enlightened principles
24
Q
What monarchs were considered to be enlightened?
A
Catherine the Great (Russia) and Frederick the Great (Prussia) and Joseph II (Austria)
25
What was the Scientific revolution?
New ideas in science (1600s)
26
What is the Geocentric Theory?
Earth was the center of the solar system
27
Who created the Geocentric Theory?
Ptolemy
28
What is the Heliocentric Theory?
Sun centered the solar system
29
Who created the Heliocentric Theory?
Copernicus
30
Who is Galileo Galilei?
Invented the telescope, thought planets were made of earth like material
31
Who put Galileo on trial for his beliefs?
Church
32
What is the scientific method?
Observations/experiments to explain phenomena
33
Issac Newton
Gravity
34
Renee Descartes
Deductive Reasoning
35
Ptolemy
Geocentric
36
Nicolas Copernicus
Heliocentric
37
Galileo Galilei
Telescope
38
Francis Bacon
Scientific Method
39
WHo was the Absolute Monarch of France during the French Rev.
Louis XVI (16th)
40
What was Louis XVIs wifes name and where was she from?
Marie Antoinette, Austria
41
WHich of the estates paid the MOST in taxes?
3rd estate
42
Why were the people of France upset with the King and Queen
Spent too much money
| Did not help the starving people
43
What was in Bastille?
Armory/Prison
44
WHo was Maximillian Robespierre?
Leader of Reign of Terror
45
1st Estate
Clergy
46
2nd estate
nobles
47
3rd estate
Bourgeoise (merchants, farmers, teachers, lawyers, shopkeepers, artisans, peasants, doctors)
48
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
Wont leave until they create a new, fair constitution that limits Kings Powers
49
During the meeting of the estates general, the 3rd estate was ____ and they went to a nearby ____
shut out, tennis court
50
Storming of the Bastille
1789 in Paris
Killed the governor of Paris
Sybolized the start of the French Revolution
51
WHo was the Reign of Terror led by
Max Robespierre
52
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
List of the rights of the french citizens
53
Who established the National Assembly
All estates, king did unwillingly
54
How was the King killed?
Guillotine
55
Jacobins (led by Robespierre)
Lead the people by killing those who were against the revolution
56
Creation of the Directory
5 man council and legislative body with 2 chambers
57
How does Napoleon come into power?
Coup within a coup
58
How did RObespierre die?
People feared him and was killed by the guillotine
59
What did Napoleon Bonaparte do for France?
Brought stability after the French Revolution
60
What is a Coup d'etat
military overthrow of government
61
Napoleonic Code:
system of laws for his empire, equality of all citizens, middle class had more power
62
Where was Napoleon exiled after attempting to conquer Europe?
Elba
63
WHat was napoleons "continential system"
Cut Great Britain off from trade
64
Did napoleon defeat Britain or Russia?
No
65
1815 Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon loses and exiled lastly to Great Britain
66
Napoleons Legacy
Napoleonic Code, Education System, Nationalism, Merit Based Rank
67
Effects of the French Revolution
```
Ended absolutism
Brought stability to France
Middle class gained political power
Revolutionary ideas spread through Europe
NATIONLISM spread throughout the world
```
68
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Restore balance of power and old monarchs to the thrones in Europe
69
Outcomes of balance of power ad Congress of Vienna
Restored balance of power in Europe
Lead by Prince Metternich of Austria
Restored the monarchs of Europe
70
Balance of Power
No one country becomes more powerful than the other
70
Nationalism
Intense pride in ones country
71
Simon Bolivar (the Liberator)
"George Washington" of South America, inspired people to revolt against spanish
72
what was Bolivars goal
to unify all of South America and free them from spanish colonial rule
73
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Led Mexican Independence movement from Spanish Colonialism
74
Jose De san Martin
Helped Simon Bolivar free South America from Spanish rule
75
Toussaint L'Overture
Slave in French Colony pf St. Dominque/Haiti
| Led successful slave revolt freeing Haiti from French rule
76
What year did italy unify
1860
77
What were the names of the three men that helped to unify Italy?
Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi
78
What year did Germany unify
1861
79
WHo is Otto Von Bismarck?
Prime Minister of Russia
80
What was Bismarcks famous quote?
Blood and Iron to unify Germany
81
Most of the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries led more people being able to
cote and hold political power
82
What did the Industrial Revolution shift
From making things at home to now making things in factories
83
Causes of the Industrial revolution
Agricultural revolution and Enclosure Movement
84
Agricultural revolution
Increase in food population due to seed drill
| People were living longer due to more food
85
Enclosure Movement
Removed peasants from farmland, enclosed the farmland with fences, independent farmers could experiment with new technology
86
New Industrial Rev. inventions
spinning jenny, seed drill, steam engine, cotton gin, railroad
87
What natural resources does england have plenty of?
Coal, iron, waterways
88
Colonial empire of england
Established nation with many colonies to access resources
89
Labor Supply
large population of workers
90
Growth of Capitalism
Selling a product and earning a profit
91
why was there a rise of factories
overcrowded cities
92
why was there a rise of factories
overcrowded cities
93
Laissez Faire government
Hands off government, no gov. involvement in economic affairs of the people
94
Working condition of the Industrial Revolution
Dirty, dangerous
95
Labor Unions
Workers organized for better conditions and pay
96
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a countrys tade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
97
Socialism
A political and economic theory of organization with advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
98
Communism
economic and political in its requirement that government or workers be the central owner and decision maker in all matters
99
who wrote the Communist manifesto?
Karl Marx
100
WHo is Karl marx
Author and german economist
101
What political theory does Marx create?
Communism
102
What did Marx predict would happen during the industrial rev.
that workers would eventually revolt against the capitalists
103
What happened during the Irish potato famine?
Fungus killed all potatoes, Ireland had no food
| Traveled to North America
104
Imperialism
One country takes over another country politically or economically
105
Sphere of Influence
Economic influence over a country (CHina
106
What is the "White Mans Burden"
Idea that white european/americans should teach "natives" their way of life to "civilize" them
Poem
107
Social Darwinism
The belief that there are stronger and weaker races in the world
108
Who imperialized Africa?
Britain, France, Germany, Belgium
109
Why did other colonize Africa?
Raw Materials
Free Labor
Diamonds
110
Berlin Confrence
European nations met up to discuss how to carve up Africa
| africa was not invited
111
Who imperialized India?
Great Britain
112
WHy was India colonized?
Raw materials
cotton
opium
113
Sepoy Rebellion
Indian Soldiers rebelled against british over a rumor of Beef/Pork fat used on guns
114
Who imperialized China?
Britain, France, Germany, US
115
WHy did others colonize China?
Wanted them to trade with us
116
Opium Wars
War w GB over opium smuggling
117
Taiping Rebellion
Peasants vs. Gov. for poor conditions
LOST
118
Boxer Rebellion
Boxers v Foreign Armies
LOST
119
Who imperialized Latin America?
Spain and France (Haiti)
120
Why did they colonize Latin AMerica?
Free Labor
| Raw Materials
121
Who imperialized Japan
No one
122
Japan tries to imperialize
china
123
WHy did people TRY to colonize Japan
wanted japan to trade with them
124
Meiji Restoration
```
M- Modernize
E- Easternize
I- Industrialize
J- Japan
I- Imperialize China
```
