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midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Control of the Nobles

A

Required to live at the palace

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2
Q

Absolute Monarch

A

King/Queen with absolute control

No sharing of power

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3
Q

King Louis XIV (14th)

A

Most absolute monarch “sun king”

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4
Q

Palace of Versailles

A

Palace of the King- huge palace to show power and wealth of France

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5
Q

Tokaugawa Shogunate

A

Military rulers of Japan

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6
Q

Alternate Attendance Policy

A

Daimyo had to lie in Edo every other year

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7
Q

Edo

A

Capital City

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8
Q

What items were traded lots

A

Spices and raw materials

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9
Q

Japan Exclusion Edicts

A

Limited trade with Western European countries, no christianity

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10
Q

Which countries closed themselves off from western culture?

A

China and Japan

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11
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Pessimist, people are evil, pro absolute monarch

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12
Q

What did Hobbes write?

A

The Leviathan

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13
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

3 branches of Gov. Checks and balances, separation of powers

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14
Q

John Locke

A

Optimist, natural rights, people are good, life, liberty, and property

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15
Q

What did Locke write?

A

Two Treatises of Government (if gov. isn’t protecting people can overthrow)

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16
Q

Voltaire

A

Freedom of Speech and religion

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17
Q

Rousseau

A

Social Contract Theory

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18
Q

Mary Wollstonecraft

A

Womens Rights

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19
Q

Adam Smith

A

Economist “Lasseiz Faire”– Hands off capitalism

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20
Q

What did Adam SMith write?

A

Wealth of Nations

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21
Q

What 4 revolutions did enlightenment ideas influence?

A

American, French, Haitan, and Latin American Rev

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22
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

Hypothetical Contract between citizen and ruler

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23
Q

Enlightened Monarch

A

Monarch that practices with Enlightened principles

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24
Q

What monarchs were considered to be enlightened?

A

Catherine the Great (Russia) and Frederick the Great (Prussia) and Joseph II (Austria)

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25
Q

What was the Scientific revolution?

A

New ideas in science (1600s)

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26
Q

What is the Geocentric Theory?

A

Earth was the center of the solar system

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27
Q

Who created the Geocentric Theory?

A

Ptolemy

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28
Q

What is the Heliocentric Theory?

A

Sun centered the solar system

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29
Q

Who created the Heliocentric Theory?

A

Copernicus

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30
Q

Who is Galileo Galilei?

A

Invented the telescope, thought planets were made of earth like material

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31
Q

Who put Galileo on trial for his beliefs?

A

Church

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32
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Observations/experiments to explain phenomena

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33
Q

Issac Newton

A

Gravity

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34
Q

Renee Descartes

A

Deductive Reasoning

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35
Q

Ptolemy

A

Geocentric

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36
Q

Nicolas Copernicus

A

Heliocentric

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37
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Telescope

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38
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Scientific Method

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39
Q

WHo was the Absolute Monarch of France during the French Rev.

A

Louis XVI (16th)

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40
Q

What was Louis XVIs wifes name and where was she from?

A

Marie Antoinette, Austria

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41
Q

WHich of the estates paid the MOST in taxes?

A

3rd estate

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42
Q

Why were the people of France upset with the King and Queen

A

Spent too much money

Did not help the starving people

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43
Q

What was in Bastille?

A

Armory/Prison

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44
Q

WHo was Maximillian Robespierre?

A

Leader of Reign of Terror

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45
Q

1st Estate

A

Clergy

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46
Q

2nd estate

A

nobles

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47
Q

3rd estate

A

Bourgeoise (merchants, farmers, teachers, lawyers, shopkeepers, artisans, peasants, doctors)

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48
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

A

Wont leave until they create a new, fair constitution that limits Kings Powers

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49
Q

During the meeting of the estates general, the 3rd estate was ____ and they went to a nearby ____

A

shut out, tennis court

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50
Q

Storming of the Bastille

A

1789 in Paris
Killed the governor of Paris
Sybolized the start of the French Revolution

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51
Q

WHo was the Reign of Terror led by

A

Max Robespierre

52
Q

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

A

List of the rights of the french citizens

53
Q

Who established the National Assembly

A

All estates, king did unwillingly

54
Q

How was the King killed?

A

Guillotine

55
Q

Jacobins (led by Robespierre)

A

Lead the people by killing those who were against the revolution

56
Q

Creation of the Directory

A

5 man council and legislative body with 2 chambers

57
Q

How does Napoleon come into power?

A

Coup within a coup

58
Q

How did RObespierre die?

A

People feared him and was killed by the guillotine

59
Q

What did Napoleon Bonaparte do for France?

A

Brought stability after the French Revolution

60
Q

What is a Coup d’etat

A

military overthrow of government

61
Q

Napoleonic Code:

A

system of laws for his empire, equality of all citizens, middle class had more power

62
Q

Where was Napoleon exiled after attempting to conquer Europe?

A

Elba

63
Q

WHat was napoleons “continential system”

A

Cut Great Britain off from trade

64
Q

Did napoleon defeat Britain or Russia?

A

No

65
Q

1815 Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon loses and exiled lastly to Great Britain

66
Q

Napoleons Legacy

A

Napoleonic Code, Education System, Nationalism, Merit Based Rank

67
Q

Effects of the French Revolution

A 
Ended absolutism
Brought stability to France
Middle class gained political power
Revolutionary ideas spread through Europe
NATIONLISM spread throughout the world
68
Q

What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?

A

Restore balance of power and old monarchs to the thrones in Europe

69
Q

Outcomes of balance of power ad Congress of Vienna

A

Restored balance of power in Europe
Lead by Prince Metternich of Austria
Restored the monarchs of Europe

70
Q

Balance of Power

A

No one country becomes more powerful than the other

70
Q

Nationalism

A

Intense pride in ones country

71
Q

Simon Bolivar (the Liberator)

A

“George Washington” of South America, inspired people to revolt against spanish

72
Q

what was Bolivars goal

A

to unify all of South America and free them from spanish colonial rule

73
Q

Father Miguel Hidalgo

A

Led Mexican Independence movement from Spanish Colonialism

74
Q

Jose De san Martin

A

Helped Simon Bolivar free South America from Spanish rule

75
Q

Toussaint L’Overture

A

Slave in French Colony pf St. Dominque/Haiti

Led successful slave revolt freeing Haiti from French rule

76
Q

What year did italy unify

A

1860

77
Q

What were the names of the three men that helped to unify Italy?

A

Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi

78
Q

What year did Germany unify

A

1861

79
Q

WHo is Otto Von Bismarck?

A

Prime Minister of Russia

80
Q

What was Bismarcks famous quote?

A

Blood and Iron to unify Germany

81
Q

Most of the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries led more people being able to

A

cote and hold political power

82
Q

What did the Industrial Revolution shift

A

From making things at home to now making things in factories

83
Q

Causes of the Industrial revolution

A

Agricultural revolution and Enclosure Movement

84
Q

Agricultural revolution

A

Increase in food population due to seed drill

People were living longer due to more food

85
Q

Enclosure Movement

A

Removed peasants from farmland, enclosed the farmland with fences, independent farmers could experiment with new technology

86
Q

New Industrial Rev. inventions

A

spinning jenny, seed drill, steam engine, cotton gin, railroad

87
Q

What natural resources does england have plenty of?

A

Coal, iron, waterways

88
Q

Colonial empire of england

A

Established nation with many colonies to access resources

89
Q

Labor Supply

A

large population of workers

90
Q

Growth of Capitalism

A

Selling a product and earning a profit

91
Q

why was there a rise of factories

A

overcrowded cities

92
Q

why was there a rise of factories

A

overcrowded cities

93
Q

Laissez Faire government

A

Hands off government, no gov. involvement in economic affairs of the people

94
Q

Working condition of the Industrial Revolution

A

Dirty, dangerous

95
Q

Labor Unions

A

Workers organized for better conditions and pay

96
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic and political system in which a countrys tade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

97
Q

Socialism

A

A political and economic theory of organization with advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

98
Q

Communism

A

economic and political in its requirement that government or workers be the central owner and decision maker in all matters

99
Q

who wrote the Communist manifesto?

A

Karl Marx

100
Q

WHo is Karl marx

A

Author and german economist

101
Q

What political theory does Marx create?

A

Communism

102
Q

What did Marx predict would happen during the industrial rev.

A

that workers would eventually revolt against the capitalists

103
Q

What happened during the Irish potato famine?

A

Fungus killed all potatoes, Ireland had no food

Traveled to North America

104
Q

Imperialism

A

One country takes over another country politically or economically

105
Q

Sphere of Influence

A

Economic influence over a country (CHina

106
Q

What is the “White Mans Burden”

A

Idea that white european/americans should teach “natives” their way of life to “civilize” them
Poem

107
Q

Social Darwinism

A

The belief that there are stronger and weaker races in the world

108
Q

Who imperialized Africa?

A

Britain, France, Germany, Belgium

109
Q

Why did other colonize Africa?

A

Raw Materials
Free Labor
Diamonds

110
Q

Berlin Confrence

A

European nations met up to discuss how to carve up Africa

africa was not invited

111
Q

Who imperialized India?

A

Great Britain

112
Q

WHy was India colonized?

A

Raw materials
cotton
opium

113
Q

Sepoy Rebellion

A

Indian Soldiers rebelled against british over a rumor of Beef/Pork fat used on guns

114
Q

Who imperialized China?

A

Britain, France, Germany, US

115
Q

WHy did others colonize China?

A

Wanted them to trade with us

116
Q

Opium Wars

A

War w GB over opium smuggling

117
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

Peasants vs. Gov. for poor conditions

LOST

118
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

Boxers v Foreign Armies

LOST

119
Q

Who imperialized Latin America?

A

Spain and France (Haiti)

120
Q

Why did they colonize Latin AMerica?

A

Free Labor

Raw Materials

121
Q

Who imperialized Japan

A

No one

122
Q

Japan tries to imperialize

A

china

123
Q

WHy did people TRY to colonize Japan

A

wanted japan to trade with them

124
Q

Meiji Restoration

A 
M- Modernize
E- Easternize
I- Industrialize
J- Japan
I- Imperialize China

sss (9 decks)

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