midterm Flashcards
Control of the Nobles
Required to live at the palace
Absolute Monarch
King/Queen with absolute control
No sharing of power
King Louis XIV (14th)
Most absolute monarch “sun king”
Palace of Versailles
Palace of the King- huge palace to show power and wealth of France
Tokaugawa Shogunate
Military rulers of Japan
Alternate Attendance Policy
Daimyo had to lie in Edo every other year
Edo
Capital City
What items were traded lots
Spices and raw materials
Japan Exclusion Edicts
Limited trade with Western European countries, no christianity
Which countries closed themselves off from western culture?
China and Japan
Thomas Hobbes
Pessimist, people are evil, pro absolute monarch
What did Hobbes write?
The Leviathan
Baron de Montesquieu
3 branches of Gov. Checks and balances, separation of powers
John Locke
Optimist, natural rights, people are good, life, liberty, and property
What did Locke write?
Two Treatises of Government (if gov. isn’t protecting people can overthrow)
Voltaire
Freedom of Speech and religion
Rousseau
Social Contract Theory
Mary Wollstonecraft
Womens Rights
Adam Smith
Economist “Lasseiz Faire”– Hands off capitalism
What did Adam SMith write?
Wealth of Nations
What 4 revolutions did enlightenment ideas influence?
American, French, Haitan, and Latin American Rev
Social Contract Theory
Hypothetical Contract between citizen and ruler
Enlightened Monarch
Monarch that practices with Enlightened principles
What monarchs were considered to be enlightened?
Catherine the Great (Russia) and Frederick the Great (Prussia) and Joseph II (Austria)
What was the Scientific revolution?
New ideas in science (1600s)
What is the Geocentric Theory?
Earth was the center of the solar system
Who created the Geocentric Theory?
Ptolemy
What is the Heliocentric Theory?
Sun centered the solar system
Who created the Heliocentric Theory?
Copernicus
Who is Galileo Galilei?
Invented the telescope, thought planets were made of earth like material
Who put Galileo on trial for his beliefs?
Church
What is the scientific method?
Observations/experiments to explain phenomena
Issac Newton
Gravity
Renee Descartes
Deductive Reasoning
Ptolemy
Geocentric
Nicolas Copernicus
Heliocentric
Galileo Galilei
Telescope
Francis Bacon
Scientific Method
WHo was the Absolute Monarch of France during the French Rev.
Louis XVI (16th)
What was Louis XVIs wifes name and where was she from?
Marie Antoinette, Austria
WHich of the estates paid the MOST in taxes?
3rd estate
Why were the people of France upset with the King and Queen
Spent too much money
Did not help the starving people
What was in Bastille?
Armory/Prison
WHo was Maximillian Robespierre?
Leader of Reign of Terror
1st Estate
Clergy
2nd estate
nobles
3rd estate
Bourgeoise (merchants, farmers, teachers, lawyers, shopkeepers, artisans, peasants, doctors)
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
Wont leave until they create a new, fair constitution that limits Kings Powers
During the meeting of the estates general, the 3rd estate was ____ and they went to a nearby ____
shut out, tennis court
Storming of the Bastille
1789 in Paris
Killed the governor of Paris
Sybolized the start of the French Revolution
WHo was the Reign of Terror led by
Max Robespierre
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
List of the rights of the french citizens
Who established the National Assembly
All estates, king did unwillingly
How was the King killed?
Guillotine
Jacobins (led by Robespierre)
Lead the people by killing those who were against the revolution
Creation of the Directory
5 man council and legislative body with 2 chambers
How does Napoleon come into power?
Coup within a coup
How did RObespierre die?
People feared him and was killed by the guillotine
What did Napoleon Bonaparte do for France?
Brought stability after the French Revolution
What is a Coup d’etat
military overthrow of government
Napoleonic Code:
system of laws for his empire, equality of all citizens, middle class had more power
Where was Napoleon exiled after attempting to conquer Europe?
Elba
WHat was napoleons “continential system”
Cut Great Britain off from trade
Did napoleon defeat Britain or Russia?
No
1815 Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon loses and exiled lastly to Great Britain
Napoleons Legacy
Napoleonic Code, Education System, Nationalism, Merit Based Rank
Effects of the French Revolution
Ended absolutism Brought stability to France Middle class gained political power Revolutionary ideas spread through Europe NATIONLISM spread throughout the world
What was the goal of the Congress of Vienna?
Restore balance of power and old monarchs to the thrones in Europe
Outcomes of balance of power ad Congress of Vienna
Restored balance of power in Europe
Lead by Prince Metternich of Austria
Restored the monarchs of Europe
Balance of Power
No one country becomes more powerful than the other
Nationalism
Intense pride in ones country
Simon Bolivar (the Liberator)
“George Washington” of South America, inspired people to revolt against spanish
what was Bolivars goal
to unify all of South America and free them from spanish colonial rule
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Led Mexican Independence movement from Spanish Colonialism
Jose De san Martin
Helped Simon Bolivar free South America from Spanish rule
Toussaint L’Overture
Slave in French Colony pf St. Dominque/Haiti
Led successful slave revolt freeing Haiti from French rule
What year did italy unify
1860
What were the names of the three men that helped to unify Italy?
Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi
What year did Germany unify
1861
WHo is Otto Von Bismarck?
Prime Minister of Russia
What was Bismarcks famous quote?
Blood and Iron to unify Germany
Most of the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries led more people being able to
cote and hold political power
What did the Industrial Revolution shift
From making things at home to now making things in factories
Causes of the Industrial revolution
Agricultural revolution and Enclosure Movement
Agricultural revolution
Increase in food population due to seed drill
People were living longer due to more food
Enclosure Movement
Removed peasants from farmland, enclosed the farmland with fences, independent farmers could experiment with new technology
New Industrial Rev. inventions
spinning jenny, seed drill, steam engine, cotton gin, railroad
What natural resources does england have plenty of?
Coal, iron, waterways
Colonial empire of england
Established nation with many colonies to access resources
Labor Supply
large population of workers
Growth of Capitalism
Selling a product and earning a profit
why was there a rise of factories
overcrowded cities
why was there a rise of factories
overcrowded cities
Laissez Faire government
Hands off government, no gov. involvement in economic affairs of the people
Working condition of the Industrial Revolution
Dirty, dangerous
Labor Unions
Workers organized for better conditions and pay
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a countrys tade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Socialism
A political and economic theory of organization with advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole
Communism
economic and political in its requirement that government or workers be the central owner and decision maker in all matters
who wrote the Communist manifesto?
Karl Marx
WHo is Karl marx
Author and german economist
What political theory does Marx create?
Communism
What did Marx predict would happen during the industrial rev.
that workers would eventually revolt against the capitalists
What happened during the Irish potato famine?
Fungus killed all potatoes, Ireland had no food
Traveled to North America
Imperialism
One country takes over another country politically or economically
Sphere of Influence
Economic influence over a country (CHina
What is the “White Mans Burden”
Idea that white european/americans should teach “natives” their way of life to “civilize” them
Poem
Social Darwinism
The belief that there are stronger and weaker races in the world
Who imperialized Africa?
Britain, France, Germany, Belgium
Why did other colonize Africa?
Raw Materials
Free Labor
Diamonds
Berlin Confrence
European nations met up to discuss how to carve up Africa
africa was not invited
Who imperialized India?
Great Britain
WHy was India colonized?
Raw materials
cotton
opium
Sepoy Rebellion
Indian Soldiers rebelled against british over a rumor of Beef/Pork fat used on guns
Who imperialized China?
Britain, France, Germany, US
WHy did others colonize China?
Wanted them to trade with us
Opium Wars
War w GB over opium smuggling
Taiping Rebellion
Peasants vs. Gov. for poor conditions
LOST
Boxer Rebellion
Boxers v Foreign Armies
LOST
Who imperialized Latin America?
Spain and France (Haiti)
Why did they colonize Latin AMerica?
Free Labor
Raw Materials
Who imperialized Japan
No one
Japan tries to imperialize
china
WHy did people TRY to colonize Japan
wanted japan to trade with them
Meiji Restoration
M- Modernize E- Easternize I- Industrialize J- Japan I- Imperialize China
