imprialism Flashcards
Old Imperialism
Age of Exploration, 1500s, Christopher Columbus, god.glory.gold
North and South America
New Imperialism
19th and 20th century
Over the globe
European countries wanted more raw materials for their inventions
Africa, China, Latin America, Japan, India
Motives for Imperialism
Sense of National Pride
Racism occured throughout European Countries
Europeans thought that because other countries werent as advanced, it meant that they were better
White Mans Burden
Written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899
White colonizers though it was their responsibility to educate and civilize the indigenous people
Written in the US
Africa before European Domination
Very traditional beliefs
Spoke more than 1000 languages
Both empires and villages
Some were Islamic or Christian
Europeans before Interior Africa Domination
Europe had contact with Africa since 1450
Europeans controlled mainly the coast, 10% of Africa
Disease and hard rivers inside the interior made it hard for Europeans to get in
What helped Europeans get into the interior of Africa
Steam powered ships
David Lvingstone
Spent 30 years in Africa
Opposed to slavery and believed the only way out was opening African trade to the interior as well as Christianity
Henry Stanley
Journalist, set off to look for Livingstone
found him in 2 years
The Butcher of Congo (what happened)
King Leopold exploited Congo´s natural resources AND the people
The Butcher of Congo (what happened)
King Leopold exploited Congo´s natural resources AND the people
Natives were his slaves, if they didn´t work fast enogh they would be beaten or slaughtered
How many Africans were estimated to be killed under Leopolds rule?
10 million
What was the Berlin Conference?
European leaders set up a meeting to set up rules for colonizing Africa
No Africans were invited
Whichever country built an outpost on the territory they wanted, they got to keep
Cecil Rhodes (becomes prime minister of South Africa)
British Imperialist
Controlled British South Africa Company
Wanted to create a new British Empire in South Africa
Who were the Zulus
African leader names Shaka conquered tribes to form the Zulus
Very skilled fighters
fought against European slave traders
Who did the Zulus go to war against
The British (Anglo-Zulu War)
Which countries controlled Africa?
Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Portegual
Why wasnt Liberia imperialized
President Monroe helped freed slaves get back to their home
Why wasn´t Ethiopia imperialized
Emperor Menelik II modernized the Ethiopian army and was able to beat Italy in a battle
Able to fight against Europeans
What did the Chinese consider themselves as
Middle Kingdom
What did the Chinese view outsiders as and what did they used to keep them out
Barbarians, Great Wall
How did barbarians get into China?
Silk Roads
What did China have alot of?
Natural resources, silk, cotton
China did not want to trade with
The west (Britain mostly)
What did Britain smuggle into China to get back at the Chinese
Opium
By 1835, how many chinese citizens were addicted to opium
12 million
What did the Chinese do when the British refused to end opium trade
They declared war called the Opium Wars (1839-1842)
Who won the Opium Wars
Britain, its modern navy helped win
The Treaty of Nanjing effects
Britain received Hong Kong
China had to pay for the Opium Wars
China had to open all its ports to Britian
What problems did China face?
Agriculture could not keep up with population growth
China was a sphere of Influence (had to trade with certain countries)
What was the Open Door Policy
USA proposed a policy in China so merchants for any nation could trade freely
What was the Open Door Policy
USA proposed a policy in China so merchants for any nation could trade freely
What was the Boxer Rebellion
Poverty and Christianity upset the chinese, and having foreigners in their country expelled
Who ended the Boxer Rebellion?
A 19,000 British, French, and American Army
Who was in control of India before the British
Mughal Empire
How did British economy interest begin in India
the British East India Company
After the Mughal Empire, what company ruled over economically?
East India Company
What were the EIC soldiers called?
Sepoys
Britains rules for Indian citizens
Competition for trade was prohibited
Railroads were built by British for carrying out raw materials from India
Some negatives that came out of Britain imperializing India
Britain had too much economical and political power
Reduced food production caused famine
Positives that came out of Britain imperializing India
India had the 3rd largest railroad network
Economy became modernized and lost of Indian regions united
By 1850, who controlled most of India
Britain
What rumor was spread that started the Sepoy Mutiny
Sepoys gun cartridges were greased with beef and pork and sepoys would bite the heads off of the cartridges (they were Muslim and Hindus and werent allowed to have beef or pork)
The Sepoy Mutiny
Indians refused cartridges and ended up rebelling, taking British a year t regain control
What did India change after becoming a more modern country?
Arranged marriages and use of caste systems decreased,
