Midterm 1 Flashcards
During fear conditioning in rats, the foot shock is
US
US devaluation experiments
Support the S-S theory
Which of the following classical conditioning phenomena is thought to illustrate a case of S-S learning because the CS that elicits a response is never paired with a biological stimulus
sensory preconditioning
According to the Rescorla Wagner model, whether conditioning will occur or not depends on the relationship between
Vn and Vmax
Although classical conditioning procedures usually result in ? associations, they may also result in ? associations
S-R; S-S
Rats in the random group described by Rescorla
associate the US with background/contextual cues
A situation in which the CS elicits a response that looks like the response that is supposed to be conditioned is referred to as
sensitization to the CS
To measure the amount of conditioning in the conditioned suppression procedure, the rats response rate in the presence of the CS is compared to
the rats response rate just before the CS is presented
To demonstrate renewal of CR
the CR must be extinguished in a different context
According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, the US becomes less effective on each subsequent conditioning trial because the subject
predicts the occurrence of the US more successfully
In the standard eye blink conditioning preparation in rabbits, the eye blink is the
UR and CR
In general, the most effective procedure for producing most classically conditioned associations is the ? conditioning procedure
delay
Fixed pattern actions are
initially highly variable but quickly become very stereotypes due to experience
Extinction is a process whereby
an event that was previously linked to an S* is not longer linked to that S*
Extinction is
the acquisition of competing or alternative learning
In the Rescorla Wagner model, the symbol ? is used to refer to the associative strength, or the predictive value of the CS
V
When researchers present one stimulus with a US and a second stimulus without the inhibitory conditioning procedure is referred to as ? training
differential inhibition
The blocking phenomenon is said to occur when
nothing is learned about a novel stimulus despite compound training with an established excitatory CS
? refers to the decrement in response occurring upon repeated presentation of a stimulus that reliably elicits the response
habituation
Which of the following event(s) may function as context cue(s) that can produce renewal effects?
experimenter provides cues that co-occur with the designated CS
According to Hull’s drive theory
reduction of drive is “satisfying”
The central motive state
- indirectly modulates learning
- influences the incentive value of a goal
- influences the aversive value of a goal
- has an impact on the strength of behaviour
Studies in the Aplasia have indicated
sensitization is non-associative
Experiments performed in the Aplasia have demonstrated that habituation is caused by
reduction of pool synaptic vesicles
According to Hull, S-R associations become stronger as a function of how often they are followed
by stimuli that satisfy a need and reduce a drive
According to the Rescorla-Wagner model, animals associate a CS with a US if
the US is unexpected
The reappearance of a CR to a CS due to a brief presentation of the US is a phenomenon called?
Reinstatement
Which of the following terms does not belong with the others in the following
- spontaneous recovery
- habituation
- reinstatement
- extinction
- renewal
extinction
If Vmax=2, V3=1 and alphabeta=1, delateV4 = ?
1
In classical conditioning
the CS acquires conditioned incentive value if paired with an incentive
sensory preconditioning
- example of S-S learning
- involves associating two CSs
- occurs before exposure to the US
- is conceptually similar to second order conditioning
The rescorla wagner model
provides suitable explanation for the asymptotic nature of learning curves
Assuming alpha/beta = 1, the value of deltaV6 after extinction is?
the value cannot be calculated
Learning that occurs in the absence of drive reduction, but remains unused until a stimulus provides an incentive for using it is known as
latent learning
The studies of Aplasia have suggested that
the response of the sensors neutron is not altered by experience
the incentive value of a goal stimulus
- is learned
- is relative
- has an impact on learning
- is in part determined by the central motive state
The concept of homeostasis refers to
a stable internal state maintained by engaging in different behaviours over time
Increased responding to the CS that might occur because of mere exposure to the US is known as
pseudo conditioning
Presentation of CS associated with an incentive US will ? instrumental action motivated by an incentive stimulus
increase
Which of the following is not classical law of association
- frequency of CS-US association
- intensity /novelty of CS and US
- contiguity
contingency
According to the rescorla wagner model, on each CS-US conditioning trial, the ? becomes ? surprising
US; less
The rescorla model emphasizes the importance of the ? whereas the Macintosh model emphasizes the importance of the ?
US; CS
Which of the following could be an example of Pavlovian conditioned response?
enjoying a familiar song
Which of the following could be an example of Pavlovian unconditioned response?
a sense of fear caused by a loud explosion
Write the Rescorla wagner model and explain the terms
deltaV = Vmax - Vn
Where:
deltaV = change in associative strength on each conditioning trial
Vmax = maximum associative strength (maximum learning that can occur)
Vn = associative strength between CS and US (stronger the association, larger the number)
