Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 2330 Final > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different memory systems?

A
  1. declarative memory (S-S)
  2. procedural memory (S-R)
  3. emotional memory (S-effect)
    - form of S-S
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which parts of the brain does declarative memory use?

A

medial temporal lobe and diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What make up declarative memory?

A

facts and events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What make up non-declarative memory?

A

Procedural memory - skills and habits
Classical Conditioning
- skeletal musculature
- emotional responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of memory system did HM lack?

- amnesic patient

A

declarative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HM’s memory disorder was selective in 5 different ways:

A
  1. higher-order perceptual, motor, cognitive functions not affected
    - above average IQ
    - recognizes and names common objects
    - normal language
  2. Lost the capacity for new learning
    - he scored 0 on tests that tested the persistence of his memory (stores, lists, pictures)
    - anterograde amnesia
    - limited amount of retrograde amnesia
  3. the “span” of short term memory was normal, but devastated by delays
    - size of working memory was not affected, but memories would just dissipate rathe than being transformed to short term
  4. spared remote memory
  5. spared other domains of learning and memory capacity
    - sensory motor learning

E.g. Mirror drawing task - get better with practice; HM could do this but couldn’t remember ever performing the task
E.g. basic image repeat - HM could do this but couldn’t remember ever completing the task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

inability to create new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

forgetting wheat happened in the past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain verbal priming

A

Word stem completion task

  • ask subject to remember words
  • test knowledge in different ways
  • -> free recall
  • -> cued recall (e.g. a place that you sleep)
  • -> completion (e.g. give beginning of word)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is habitual learning?

A

association of specific patterns of visual stimuli with specific motor sequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of memory system is involved in the formation of habits?

A

Declarative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is declarative memory?

A

facts and events that require conscious recollection and that can be expressed explicitly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

skills and preferences that can be acquired and expressed unconsciously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Problems associated with changes to the brain

A
  • anatomical specificity (e.g. damage is never very specific to the hippocampus)
  • unknown experiences (e.g. cab drivers in London have larger hippocampi)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are animal studies useful?

A

able to control for experiences and make selective lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the procedural memory system?

A

transition from one memory system to another (hippocampus –> striatum)

17
Q

Explain the cognitive map - Edward Tolman

A

“Response” or “place” strategies?

  • S-S = spatial
  • S-R = just turn right towards the door

To test: turn maze around

  • initially rats use spatial learning (hippocampus)
  • but with time, most choose place strategy and choose the door rather than going right (striatum) = habit
18
Q

What is the striatum involved in?

A

regulation of voluntary movements; planning, initiation and learning motor behaviour
- abnormalities or lack of dopamine to this area –> Parkinson symptoms

19
Q

Explain “from place to habit response”

A

Perceptual learning task (e.g. predict rain or shine using deck of 4 cards)

  • practice –> perfect (eventually determine pattern)
  • Parkinson’s never learn
  • amnesia (HM) does (though he doesn’t recall)

= DOUBLE DISSOCIATION

Injections of lidocaine:

  1. lesions to hippocampus
    - no place preference
  2. lesions to the striatum
    - all place preference
    - removed ability to perform habit
20
Q

What is double dissociation?

A

2 tasks, 2 regions and interaction between the 2

21
Q

What brain structure is important in emotion?

A

amygdala

22
Q

What is the amygdala responsible for?

A

Displaying proper emotion with proper stimulus

23
Q

Which part of the amygdala is referred to as the learning center?

A

basal-lateral amygdala

  • fear conditioning
  • incentive/place preference conditioning
24
Q

Explain Antonio Damask’s study of 3 diseases

A

Patient 1 - Urbach-Wiethe disease

  • calcification of the amygdala (death of tissue)
  • selective region to amygdala

Patient 2 - hypoxia/ischemia

  • less oxygen/blood to the brain
  • apoptosis = destruction of cells
  • selective hippocampus lesion

Patient 3 - herpes

  • destruction of temporal lobe
  • amygdala and hippocampus gone

Skin conductance results:

Control

  • US –> sweat
  • unpaired stimuli –> NR
  • paired CS –> sweat

Amygdala lesion

  • US –> sweat
  • after conditioning –> NR (can feel emotion and respond but don’t respond to CS)
  • what colour is this? - can list colour, details of conditioning component, but cannot display CR

Hippocampus lesion

  • shows UR and CR
  • What colour is this? “colour????”

Lesions to both

  • comparable to amygdala lesion - driving the effect
  • no CR

–> memory systems work in parallel and are not dependent on each other

25
Q

Explain triple dissociation

A

Win-shift task (S-S) - hippocampus lesion cannot do this

  • if rat wins pellet, shift to another arm
  • 8 arms –> 7 –> 6 –> 5…

Win-stay task (S-R) - striatum lesion cannot do this
- lights used to illuminate entrance of arms - follow light; when light is on –> food

Conditioned place preference (S-affect) - amygdala lesion cannot do this

  • confine rat in arm and shower with fruit loops, next day put rat in another arm and give no food, repeat
  • to test: put rat in the middle and see which arm is chooses
  • rats with amygdala lesion don’t associate reinforcement with the response - just a box, arms and emotion

–> multiple systems that aren’t dependent on each other but work in parallel and all interact with the cortex

26
Q

Why are rats with hippocampus lesions really good at win-stay task?

A

They can’t remember where the food last was, so they just follow the light

27
Q

The conditioned place preference is a test of:

A

stimulus-affect learning

28
Q

Which of the following is true about place learning?

A
  • it is a form of S-S learning
  • used to navigate in space
  • allows flexible responses
29
Q

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

A

remembering a word learning yesterday

30
Q

Which of the following is true?

A

HM lost the ability to create new declarative memories

Psyc 2330 Final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions