Middles Ages Test Review Flashcards
List 3 effects of the repeated barbarian attacks on Ancient Rome
- Disruption of trade
- People moved to the countryside
- Many different dialects developed
Which barbarian leader united the Frank’s and converted to Christianity in order to solidify his rule ?
Clovis
List 3 key facts about Charlemagne
He tried to pull Europe out of the dark ages
Fought to protect and defend the Christian world
He was crowned king of the Holy Roman Empire by the pope
What did the treaty of verdun accomplish
It divided charlemagnes empire between three of his grandsons
It put an end to civil wars that erupted after the death of Charlemagne
Who were the Norsemen
The Vikings
What did the word chivalry mean during the Middle Ages
A fighting knight who was skilled with a horse
Good, courtly manners
What is a sacrament
Holy communion Matrimony Holy orders Confession Baptism Confirmation
All of the following are areas of conflict between the pope and the Kings of the Middle Ages
Church appointments
Protection of territory and lands
Power and money
Kings rewarded their favorite nobles with this
Fief, land grant, manor (these are all synonyms)
What percentage of income was a person required to give to the church ?
1/10th -a tithe
These were minted warriors who pledged to defend their lords lands
Knights
This groups of people made up the majority of the population. They had little or no rights, and were bound to the land
Peasants or serfs
What did a lord or king get from his vassal in exchange for land?
His loyalty and his support in times of war
In medieval society, lords would hire this person to entertain them by singing songs and reciting epic poems or stories
Troubadour
What is canon law?
Church laws
Identify the contributions of St. Augustine include what he wrote and his impact on people in the Middle Ages
He wrote “The City of God” and argued that kingdoms rise and fall, but the only kingdom that is eternal is the kingdom of God
Identify the contributions of St. Thomas aquinas. Include what he wrote, his views on natural laws, and his role in bringing the teachings of the Greeks into a new era
He wrote “summa theologica” which reconciled the teachings of the Greeks with the teachings of the church
He argues for “natural laws”
Summarized the beliefs of most Christians
These were centers of knowledge and learning in he Middle Ages. They were build to house monks and nuns
Monasteries
This woman was the only woman to serve as both the queen of France and the Queen of England
Eleanor of Aquitane
Why did the church wield so much power over the common people during the Middle Ages?
Very few people could read and write
People feared for their eternal salvation
People did not question the authority of the church
People trusted the church
What title did pope Leo 3 give to charlemagne ?
Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
What was Charles Martel the “hammer” famous for
Won at the battle of tours, saving the Christians from destruction
Power and position during the feudal period were based on this…
Control of land (manor, fief)
What was the chief goal of the crusades?
To recover Jerusalem and the holy land from the Muslim Turks
Why did many of the Knights go on crusade?
Promises of eternal salvation and the forgiveness of their sins
Opportunity for trade, they could get rich quick
What was the negative impact or result from trade with the east?
The Black Death/bubonic plague
All of the following were problems the church experienced during the Middle Ages
Lay investiture-church positions were sold
Priests and other church officials married and had families-this was contrary to their vows of celibacy
Worldliness of church officials
What was a guild
An association of tradesmen who established certain rules and regulations for their particular business or area of expertise
They determined the quality of their product
They trained their apprentices a trade
What was the legislative body of England called
Parliament
What was the chief cause of conflict during the hundred years war?
Kings of England claimed that they had a right to serve as the kings of France as well
What was the result of the Hundred Years’ War
The separate identities of England and France were developed
Key facts about the battle of Hastings
William the conquered (the duke of Normandy) invaded and conquered England
The battle took place in 1066. William won
Williams Norman influence replaced the Saxon customs and nobility
What was the doomsday book published by william the conqueror
It was a census of all the people in England
It was an accurate account of all the wealth or GDP produced in England
It contained the first detailed maps of England
Who forced King John to sign the magma carta and why did they make him do it ?
The nobility
To limit the power of King John who was abusive
Rights that were guarenteed and protected by the Magna Carta were extended to the following group
The nobility- later it was expanded to include all persons
What rights did the nobility want to see secured under the Magna Carta
Trial by jury
No taxation without representation
Protection under the law
Churches during the Middle Ages were decorated in this style
Gothic cathedrals
List effects the Black Death or bubonic plague had on medieval society
Distrupiton and collapse of medieval society and the feudal system
Deaths of roughly 1/3 to 1/2 of all Europeans
The church and feudal lords lose power
Who was Joan of arc
Peasant girl from France who led the French troops to victory at the Battle of Orleans
She was tried as a witch by the British and burned at the stake
She was a dominant reason the 100 years war came to an end. This meant a separate France and England
Name the new technology that was used in the battles of Crecy , Poitiers, and agincourt, that eventually neglected the power of mounted Knights
The Welsh longbows
Canons were also used
Name the legendary King of Englad who led troops during the third crusade
King Richard the Lion Heart
What did kings, nobles, and knights build in order to defend their landS?
Castles
Who was the Mongolian leader/warrior who united all Mongolian tribes and conquered more land than any other commander
Genghis Khan
What happened to Genghis Khan’s empire when he died?
It was split 4 ways between his sons (that he had with one woman)
What affect did Marco polos’ relationship with Kublai Khan have on Italy ?
ITALY WILL BE THE 1st to ESTABLISH A TRADING MONOPOLY WOTH CHINA, USHERING IN THE RENAISSANCE
The first universities in Europe are founded.. What century
12th
Pope clement moves residency to Avignon what century
14th
Hundred year war ends what century
15 century
Joan of Arc is burned at the stake
15th century
The inquisiton begins
13th
