Middle to late childhood Flashcards
What is the age range for middle childhood and late childhood?
middle childhood: 3-8
late childhood: 9-11
how does growth compare to early childhood and adolescence?
slow and constant
Describe the physical development at this phase of life.
2-3” per year
legs extend
rapid periods of bone growth
muscle str increases
coord increases
What is the biggest health problem at this age?
OBESITY
What is the prevalence of obesity in mid-late childhood?
1/5
How should it be treated?
exercise and diet CORRECTION
Describe Piaget’s concrete operational thought
- mental actions replace physical
- can now reverse thinking
- TRANSACTIVITY: ability to logically combine correlations to make conclusions
- recognize different points of view
- can’t think abstractly
How is information processing developed in this stage?
1) LTM develops and increases with age
- control processes (conscious effort to remember)
- learner characteristics develop
2) CRITICAL THINKING
3) METACOGNITION: knowing about knowing
What are Sternberg’s three factors of intelligence?
1) ANALYTICAL: ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare and contrast
2) CREATIVE: ability to create, design, etc
3) PRACTICAL: ability to put into practice
What develops regarding language at this phase?
- ability to associate words by analyzing meaning
- add abstract words to vocab
What are the two approaches to developing reading?
1) Whole-language approach
(learn to read like you learn to speak)
2) Basic-skills and phonetic approach
(symbols first then merge to words)
What are the 4 key aspects for improving self-esteem?
1) identify cause of low self-esteem
2) emotional support and social approval
3) experience achievement
4) Coping (rather than avoiding)
How does the concept of self shift during mid-late childhood?
- shifts from defining one externally to internally
- refer to social connections
- compare to one another
- strive to be a part of society
What stage in Erikson’s theory occur during mid to late childhood?
INDUSTRY vs INFERIORITY
industry: being productive, interested in how things work
inferiority: parents who do not let their children explore, experiencing failure
How does moral development occur in mid-late childhood?
progresses towards autonomous morality
What are the 3 categories of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?
1) Preconventional reasoning
2) Conventional reasoning
3) Postconventional reasoning
Explain the preconventional reasoning category of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.
PRECONVENTIONAL reasoning (>9 yrs)
- stage 1: obey to avoid punishment
- stage 2: obey to be rewarded or b/c they want to
Explain the conventional reasoning category of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.
CONVENTIONAL reasoning (adolescence -> early adulthood : some internalization)
Stage 3: adopt parent’s values for approval
Sage 4: understand and follow society’s order
Explain the postconventional reasoning category of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.
POSTCONVENTIONAL reasoning
(adulthood)
Stage 5: understand importance of laws, but know laws can change
Stage 6: ethical principles override the law, do right regardless of it
What are common issues within the family?
issues center around responsibilities, school, peers
parents spend less time with child
FAMILY structures:
- introduction of step family can cause regression
- latchkey children
What are the 4 different types of peer status?
popular child
rejected child (most long term problems
neglected child
controversial child (both disliked and liked)
What is a common problem among this age?
bullying
both bully and victim are linked to parent-child relationships
What is a developmental milestone at this age regarding peers?
having a true friend!
best friend
What are the 6 functions of friendships
- companionship
- stimulation
- physical support
- social comparison
- intimacy/affection
