adolescence Flashcards
What is the average age for puberty onset in boys and in girls?
boys: 12 yrs
girls: 10 yrs
What can be said about the trends in body image for each sex in regards to puberty.
girls tend to be less satisfied with their image
boys tend to be more satisfied with their image
WHY? girls experience increased body fat, boys experience increased muscle tone
What long term impact can early maturation in males have?
may not think about their future and may therefore make poor life choices
What are some of the affects of early maturation in females
increased satisfaction in body image at the time, but decreased later in life
earlier dating -> earlier sexual experience
more likely to indulge in problem behaviours; smoking, drinking, etc
What are the 3 factors that contribute to ones sexual identity?
physical factors
social factors
cultural factors
When does sexual orientation develop?
begins in adolescence but may not continue into adulthood
What are some risk factors around sexual experience at this age?
Date violence
Contraceptive use
STI’s
What are the two most common STI’s among adolescents?
chlamydia
HPV
What are some concerns regarding adolescent wellness that carry on into later life?
habits formed in adolescence tend to continue
- exercise
- nutrition
- use of drugs to cope with stress interfere with normal development of coping skills
Explain Piaget’s stage of formal operational thought
- more abstract than concrete operational
- thoughts of idealism and possibilities
- compare themselves with others
- think more logically
- think more scientifically
Explain the concept of adolescent egocentrism
more self-aware then previously
2 components
1) imaginary audience (everyone cares)
2) personal fable (belief in uniqueness/invincibility)
What develops regarding information processing in adolescence?
Decision making
- many decisions to make
Critical thinking
Why are schools a stressful time for children?
takes place when there are many changes
- occurs when independence is being developed
What are some positives of school experience?
feel more grown up (more decisions)
- choosing subjects
- more time with peers
- challenge
What did John Dewey believe about schools?
that every school has its own unique moral curriculum
ex anti drug, anti drunk driving, anti bullying, etc
What is an important socioemotional development in adolescence
developing an identity:
- career/work path
- conservative, liberal, inbetween
- relationship status
- sexuality
- culture
What stage of Erikson’s theory occurs in adolescence
Identity vs identity confusion
Explain James Marcia’s 4 statuses of identity
1) identity DIFFUSION: not yet experienced a crisis
- not interested in exploring options and undecided about career and beliefs
2) identity FORECLOSURE: have commitment but have not experienced a crisis
- decided about career and beliefs but has not explored options
- strong family influence
3) identity MORATORIUM: are in the midst of crisis, commitments absent or poorly defined
- exploring options but undecided about career and beliefs
4) identity ACHIEVEMENT:
- explored options, decided on career and belief
What is the MAMA cycle refer to in James Marcia’s four statuses of identity?
moratorium - achievement - moratorium - achievement
common to be recreated throughout life with mult. professions
What is the role of the family in identity development?
serve as support systems while adolescents explore
Adult’s reactions are crucial for success
- need to allow teen to make some decisions
- use knowledge to guide teen
What can be said about cultural and ethnic aspects of identity at this time?
confront ethnicity for the first time
difficulty depends on things such as:
- prejudice, discrimination, barriers to their goals and aspirations
What are some common conflicts in parent-adolescent relationships?
parents expect them to become young adults overnight instead of the long journey it is
Conflict may be due to:
- biological changes in puberty
- cog changes involving idealism and reasoning
- social changes focused on independence and identity
- maturational changes in parents
- expectations that are violated
- everyday issues
How do peers affect identity?
- conformity
- membership in group increases self-esteem
- cliques wane as coupling develops
- peers work together
How does dating develop?
begins in groups
learn about intimacy
begin as scripted
What are some factors associated with becoming a young offender?
neg identity
low self-control
poverty
level of crim activity in neighbourhood
