early childhood

Question 1

What is the rate of growth in height in early childhood?

Answer 1

2.5”/yr

Question 2

What is the rate of weight gain in early childhood?

Answer 2

5-7 lbs/yr

Question 3

What is the age range of early childhood?

Answer 3

2-5 yrs

Question 4

What is the pattern of growth in early childhood?

Answer 4

slim down and lengthen

boys develop more muscle
girls develop more fatty tissue

Question 5

What are the most important contributors to height differences between individuals?

Answer 5

ethnic origin, nutrition, and environment

Question 6

Describe how the brain develops in early childhood.

Answer 6

top portion faster than the lower portion

growth primarily in frontal lobes

inc in number and size of nerve endings within and between areas of the brain

Experience MYELINATION

Question 7

How does the size of the brain in a 5 yr old compare with an adult’s brain?

Answer 7

almost the same size

Question 8

What part of the body grows the fastest in early childhood?

Answer 8

brain and head

Question 9

How do gross motor skills develop in early childhood?

Answer 9

bones harden
very active
fidgety
delight and pride in newly acquired skills
adventurous
wide variety of enjoyed activities

Question 10

How do fine motor skills develop in early childhood?

Answer 10

at 3 still clumsy with finger grasp and experience frustration with things like blocks

improves every year

develop HANDEDNESS

• dominance of right or left hemispheres over the other
• some remain ambidextrous in early childhood

Question 11

How many calories are needed in early childhood?

Answer 11

1700

Question 12

What developments improve their eating ability?

Answer 12

deciduous teeth are in

Question 13

What is important to consider regarding the diet of the child?

Answer 13

diet can determine allergies

Question 14

When does toileting usually begin and what is it dependent on?

Answer 14

begins in the first few years of early childhood

dependent on:
control of muscles involved
cognitive maturity

helps to have rewards

Question 15

What are the two sub-stages in Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought.

Answer 15

1) SYMBOLIC FUNCTION stage

2) INTUITIVE THOUGHT stage

Question 16

Describe the symbolic function sub-stage of Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought

Answer 16

2-4 yrs

• can imagine objects
• can try to draw; inventive, but not realistic
• ANIMISM: obj are alive and have thoughts
• EGOCENTRISM

Question 17

Describe the intuitive thought sub-stage of Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought

Answer 17

4-7 yrs

• improved reasoning
• curiosity; ask why
• know things intuitively, but unsure how they know
• CENTRATION: focus on one thing excluding all else
• inability to mentally reverse actions

Question 18

Explain Vygotsky’s theory of development in early childhood.

Answer 18

ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT:
refers to the range of tasks too difficult for the child to master alone, but can be learned with guidance and assistance of an adult or more skilled child

• lower end of ZPD is the area of child’s problem solving
• upper ZPD will need assistance

BASICS:

• dependent on social influences
• learn faster with assistance
• language and thought develop independently then merge
• language must develop externally prior to internally

Involves SCAFFOLDING: changing the lvl of support to adjust to the learners performance lvl

Question 19

How is information processed in early childhood?

Answer 19

they have short attention spans

have short term memory

Question 20

How is language developed in early childhood?

Answer 20

begin with telegraphic speech

expands from yes/no questions -> sentence fragments -> simple sentences

begin to develop grammar

by 6 yrs old vocab is about 14,000

Question 21

What are developmentally appropriate practices for early childhood education?

Answer 21

active, hands on methods like games and dramatization

Question 22

What phase of Erikson’s development do children go through at this stage. How is parenting crucial for this?

Answer 22

3-5 yrs

INITIATIVE vs GUILT
(development of self-understanding)

parenting is crucial:

• need approval and opportunities to try new things
• answer questions honestly and respectfully
• allow fantasy play

Question 23

Describe Piaget’s view on moral development

Answer 23

1) HETERONOMOUS morality (4-7 yrs)
- unchangeable rules and imminent justics

2) AUTONOMOUS morality (10+)
- realize rules/laws are created by people and there are consequences
- discover punishment is socially mediated (undiscovered wrongs may not be punished)

Question 24

What are the 6 types of play under Parten’s theory of play?

Answer 24

1) unoccupied: standing without purpose
2) solitary: alone
3) onlooker: watching others play
4) parallel: separate, but similar
5) associative: focus on social interaction
6) cooperative: work together, organized

Question 25

What are the 6 types of play under Bergan’s theory of play?

Answer 25

1) SENSORIMOTOR: uses senses to explore
2) PRACTICE: repetition of behaviour/skills
3) PRETENSE: make believe (using obj to pretend)
4) SOCIAL: interacting with peers
5) CONSTRUCTIVE: organized, use sensorimotor and practice, develop solutions
6) GAMES: rules, competition, achievement, challenge, social