Middle Childhood: Family Relationships Flashcards
families functions are influenced from
micro to macro
eg: parent/child interactions to the culture’s larger institutions
what are the general dimensions of parenting
- warmth
2. control
- How responsive/affectionate the parent is
- involved in the child’s activities, emotionally supportive, and spend a lot of time with them
warmth
How manipulative/influential the parent is
control
two kinds of control
- psychological
- behavioral
Making children feel guilty or happy
psychological
Setting rules and imposing limits
behavioral
identified four distinct patterns of parental caretaking and interaction with children.
baumrind
four parenting styles
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Uninvolved
style of parenting in which parents show high levels of control and low levels of warmth toward their children
authoritarian
style of parenting in which parents use a moderate amount of control and are warm and responsive to their children
authoritative
style of parenting in which parents offer warmth and caring but little control over their children.
permissive
style of parenting in which parents provide neither warmth nor control and minimize the time they spend with their children
uninvolved
telling children what to do, when, and why
direct instruction
helping children master social and emotional skills; explaining links between behavior and emotions
coaching
learning by observing and imitating what parents do and say; involve both imitation and counterimitation
modeling
increasing behavior through reinforcement (e.g. candy); decreasing behavior through punishment (e.g. time-outs)
feedback
Sibling relationships tend to be more harmonious if:
- they’re adolescents
- same sex
- not too emotional
- parents have good relationship
- parents are affectionate,
caring and responsive to all the children
- Have enthusiastic but inexperienced parents
- They’re “guinea pigs” for the parents’ experiments
- Generally get more attention and have to live up to higher expectations.
first-borns
- Have more complacent but experienced parents
- Are less concerned about pleasing parents and adults in general
later-borns
inadequate food, clothing, or medical care
75% neglect
assault leading to physical injuries
15% physical abuse
fondling, intercourse, or other behaviors
10% sexual abuse
ridicule, rejection, or humiliation
5% psychological abuse
risk of maltreatment is higher when
- family is poor
- parents have bad relationship
- child is frequently ill
- child is not biologically related
person’s ability to respond adaptively and resourcefully to new situations
ego resilience
