Early Childhood: Building Relationships (Trust & Attachment)

Question 1

An openness to new experience tempered by wariness that occurs when trust and mistrust are in balance

Answer 1

hope

Question 2

how do children strive for autonomy

Answer 2

children learn to control themselves (independence from others)

Question 3

A young child’s understanding that he or she can act on the world intentionally, (autonomy, shame, and doubt are in balance)

Answer 3

will

Question 4

Balance between individual initiative and the willingness to cooperate with others

Answer 4

purpose

Question 5

what is the critical aspect of Erickson’s first stage basic trust vs. mistrust

Answer 5

attachment to caregivers

Question 6

theoretical view that many human behaviors represent successful adaptations to the environment

Answer 6

evolutionary psychology

Question 7

four stages of attachment of John Bowlby

Answer 7

1. Preattachment
2. Attachment in the making
3. True attachment
4. Reciprocal relationships

Question 8

what stage of attachment recognizes mother by smell/sound

Answer 8

preattachment stage

Question 9

what stage of attachment: act differently around parents and prefer them

Answer 9

Attachment in the making

Question 10

what stage of attachment: Children will identify primary caregiver and seek them out when scared or concerned

Answer 10

true attachment

Question 11

what stage of attachment: Take initiative and interact more meaningfully with caregiver

Answer 11

Reciprocal relationships

Question 12

Three phases

• Child and mother first occupy an unfamiliar room filled with toys
• Mother leaves room momentarily
• Mother then returns to room

Answer 12

Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation paradigm (1973)

Question 13

With Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation paradigm (1973), what is the conclusion

Answer 13

classified four types of attachment: three insecure types and one secure

Question 14

Four Types of Attachment Relationships

Answer 14

1. secure attachment
2. avoidant attachment
3. resistant attachment
4. disorganized attachment

Question 15

• baby may or may not cry upon separation

- wants to be with mom upon her return and stops crying

Answer 15

secure attachment

Question 16

• baby not upset by separation

- ignores or looks away when mom returns

Answer 16

avoidant attachment

Question 17

• separation upsets baby

- remains upset after mom’s return and is difficult to console

Answer 17

resistant attachment

Question 18

• separation and return confuse the baby

- reacts in contradictory ways (e.g., seeking proximity to the returned mom, but not looking at her)

Answer 18

disorganized attachment

Question 19

• A set of expectations about the parents’ availability/responsiveness, generally in times of stress.
• Influence close relationships through-out the child’s life

Answer 19

internal working model

Question 20

genetic factor that contributes to attachment

Answer 20

temperament

Question 21

There are a few important factors of high-quality child-care

Answer 21

1. small number of children per caregiver
2. well trained and responsive caregiver
3. age appropriate activities
4. caregiver communicate well with the parents

Question 22

Children tend to seek out the father for a

Answer 22

playmate