Early Childhood: Building Relationships (Trust & Attachment) Flashcards
An openness to new experience tempered by wariness that occurs when trust and mistrust are in balance
hope
how do children strive for autonomy
children learn to control themselves (independence from others)
A young child’s understanding that he or she can act on the world intentionally, (autonomy, shame, and doubt are in balance)
will
Balance between individual initiative and the willingness to cooperate with others
purpose
what is the critical aspect of Erickson’s first stage basic trust vs. mistrust
attachment to caregivers
theoretical view that many human behaviors represent successful adaptations to the environment
evolutionary psychology
four stages of attachment of John Bowlby
- Preattachment
- Attachment in the making
- True attachment
- Reciprocal relationships
what stage of attachment recognizes mother by smell/sound
preattachment stage
what stage of attachment: act differently around parents and prefer them
Attachment in the making
what stage of attachment: Children will identify primary caregiver and seek them out when scared or concerned
true attachment
what stage of attachment: Take initiative and interact more meaningfully with caregiver
Reciprocal relationships
Three phases
- Child and mother first occupy an unfamiliar room filled with toys
- Mother leaves room momentarily
- Mother then returns to room
Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation paradigm (1973)
With Mary Ainsworth’s Strange Situation paradigm (1973), what is the conclusion
classified four types of attachment: three insecure types and one secure
Four Types of Attachment Relationships
- secure attachment
- avoidant attachment
- resistant attachment
- disorganized attachment
- baby may or may not cry upon separation
- wants to be with mom upon her return and stops crying
secure attachment
- baby not upset by separation
- ignores or looks away when mom returns
avoidant attachment
- separation upsets baby
- remains upset after mom’s return and is difficult to console
resistant attachment
- separation and return confuse the baby
- reacts in contradictory ways (e.g., seeking proximity to the returned mom, but not looking at her)
disorganized attachment
- A set of expectations about the parents’ availability/responsiveness, generally in times of stress.
- Influence close relationships through-out the child’s life
internal working model
genetic factor that contributes to attachment
temperament
There are a few important factors of high-quality child-care
- small number of children per caregiver
- well trained and responsive caregiver
- age appropriate activities
- caregiver communicate well with the parents
Children tend to seek out the father for a
playmate
