Early Childhood: Building Relationships (Gender Roles & Identity)

Question 1

sets of cultural guidelines about how one should behave, especially with other people

Answer 1

social roles

Question 2

Beliefs and images about males and females that are not necessarily true

Answer 2

gender stereotypes

Question 3

list some of the certain differences between two genders

Answer 3

• mathematics (m)
• spatial ability (m)
• memory (f)
• emotional sensitivity (f)

Question 4

how do parents shape the child’s behavior and beliefs in innumerable ways

Answer 4

through modeling and differential reinforcement/punishment (rewarding a boy for exerting dominance that a girl would be punished for.)

Question 5

sense of oneself as being male or female

Answer 5

gender identity

Question 6

According to Kohlberg’s research gender develops in three stages:

Answer 6

1. gender labeling
2. gender stability
3. gender constancy

Question 7

boys have a penis; girls have a vagina

Answer 7

gender labeling (2-3 years)

Question 8

boys will become men; girls will become women

Answer 8

gender stability (preschool)

Question 9

gender is a constant thing that is not affected by circumstances (e.g. clothing, tasks, toys)

Answer 9

gender constancy (4 to 7 years)

Question 10

children want to learn more about an activity only after first deciding whether it is masculine or feminine

Answer 10

gender schema theory

Question 11

studied 1960-70s counterculture members who socialized their kids without traditional gender beliefs

Answer 11

family lifestyles project

Question 12

Testosterone exposure in utero also can be used to predict preference for

Answer 12

masculine typed activities

Question 13

Heredity also plays a major role on

Answer 13

gender role learning