Middle Ages- organum

Question 1

Define tenor

Answer 1

it refers to the voice that contains the cantus firmus (borrowed material)

Question 2

Organum is where we first see musicians …

Answer 2

documenting their experiments with polyphony

Question 3

Define rhythmic modes

Answer 3

developed by Notre Dame composers in the late-12th to early-13th century
served to keep two or more voices in rhythmic alignment

Question 4

Define clausula

Answer 4

self-contained discant style passage in organum

often based on a single word or syllable

Question 5

Define cantus firmus

Answer 5

Latin for “fixed song”
borrowed material, from a Gregorian chant
serves as structural framework for a new polyphonic composition
found in the lowest voice in organum

Question 6

Which type of organum uses a wider range of intervals, rhythms, and melodic motion in the newly composed upper parts?
A. parallel organum
B. free organum

Answer 6

B. free organum

Question 7

In what kind of organum is the bass held for longer periods of time, while the upper voice is ornamented and moves in faster note values?

Answer 7

organal style
Organal style organum is also called sustained-note organum, which refers to the lower voice, or florid organum, which refers to the upper voice.

Question 8

Which type of organum uses parallel motions?
A. parallel organum
B. free organum

Answer 8

A. parallel

Question 9

What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?

1. Short-short-short
2. Long-short
3. Short-long
4. Long-long
5. short-short-long
6. long-short-short

Answer 9

5. short short long

Question 10

Define organum

Answer 10

polyphony based on plainchant; from the 9th to 13th centuries
vocal music in which one or more new melodic lines are added to an existing Gregorian chant (cantus firmus)
early styles featured perfect intervals (fourths, fifths, and octaves) often with parallel motion between the voices

Question 11

What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?

1. Short-short-short
2. Long-short
3. Short-long
4. Long-long
5. short-short-long
6. long-short-short

Answer 11

2. long short

Question 12

Define Musica enchiriadis

Answer 12

an anonymous treatise from the 9th century, contains some of the earliest written examples of organum

Question 13

Define discant style

Answer 13

a style of organum in which there is regular rhythmic movement of the cantus firmus
sometimes features “note-against-note” movement between the voices

Question 14

organum developed from...
A. plainchant
B. Gregorian Chant
C. Hebrew chant
D. Latin chant

Answer 14

B. Gregorian chant

Question 15

What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?

1. Short-short-short
2. Long-short
3. Short-long
4. Long-long
5. short-short-long
6. long-short-short

Answer 15

1. short short short

Question 16

The Notre Dame school was dominated by two figures…

Answer 16

Leonin and Perotin

Question 17

Define Notre Dame polyphony

Answer 17

In Notre Dame polyphony there is a shift from improvised practice to written composition. This brings us to an important characteristic of Notre Dame polyphony: the use of rhythmic modes.

Question 18

What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?

1. Short-short-short
2. Long-short
3. Short-long
4. Long-long
5. short-short-long
6. long-short-short

Answer 18

3. short long

Question 19

What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?

1. Short-short-short
2. Short-short-short
3. Long-short
4. Short-long
5. Long-long
6. short-short-long
7. long-short-short

Answer 19

6. long short short

Question 20

Did Leonin or Perotin use more advanced polyphonic settings?

Answer 20

Perotin

Question 21

Define organal style

Answer 21

the notes from the original chant are sung by the lower voice in long note values
sometimes called “sustained-note organum,” organum purum, or florid organum

Question 22

Define clausulae

Answer 22

Clausulae are self-contained polyphonic sections, often based on a single word or syllable.

Question 23

What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?

1. Short-short-short
2. Long-short
3. Short-long
4. Long-long
5. short-short-long
6. long-short-short

Answer 23

4. long long