Middle Ages- organum Flashcards
Define tenor
it refers to the voice that contains the cantus firmus (borrowed material)
Organum is where we first see musicians …
documenting their experiments with polyphony
Define rhythmic modes
developed by Notre Dame composers in the late-12th to early-13th century
served to keep two or more voices in rhythmic alignment
Define clausula
self-contained discant style passage in organum
often based on a single word or syllable
Define cantus firmus
Latin for “fixed song”
borrowed material, from a Gregorian chant
serves as structural framework for a new polyphonic composition
found in the lowest voice in organum
Which type of organum uses a wider range of intervals, rhythms, and melodic motion in the newly composed upper parts?
A. parallel organum
B. free organum
B. free organum
In what kind of organum is the bass held for longer periods of time, while the upper voice is ornamented and moves in faster note values?
organal style
Organal style organum is also called sustained-note organum, which refers to the lower voice, or florid organum, which refers to the upper voice.
Which type of organum uses parallel motions?
A. parallel organum
B. free organum
A. parallel
What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?
- Short-short-short
- Long-short
- Short-long
- Long-long
- short-short-long
- long-short-short
- short short long
Define organum
polyphony based on plainchant; from the 9th to 13th centuries
vocal music in which one or more new melodic lines are added to an existing Gregorian chant (cantus firmus)
early styles featured perfect intervals (fourths, fifths, and octaves) often with parallel motion between the voices
What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?
- Short-short-short
- Long-short
- Short-long
- Long-long
- short-short-long
- long-short-short
- long short
Define Musica enchiriadis
an anonymous treatise from the 9th century, contains some of the earliest written examples of organum
Define discant style
a style of organum in which there is regular rhythmic movement of the cantus firmus
sometimes features “note-against-note” movement between the voices
organum developed from... A. plainchant B. Gregorian Chant C. Hebrew chant D. Latin chant
B. Gregorian chant
What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?
- Short-short-short
- Long-short
- Short-long
- Long-long
- short-short-long
- long-short-short
- short short short
The Notre Dame school was dominated by two figures…
Leonin and Perotin
Define Notre Dame polyphony
In Notre Dame polyphony there is a shift from improvised practice to written composition. This brings us to an important characteristic of Notre Dame polyphony: the use of rhythmic modes.
What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?
- Short-short-short
- Long-short
- Short-long
- Long-long
- short-short-long
- long-short-short
- short long
What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?
- Short-short-short
- Short-short-short
- Long-short
- Short-long
- Long-long
- short-short-long
- long-short-short
- long short short
Did Leonin or Perotin use more advanced polyphonic settings?
Perotin
Define organal style
the notes from the original chant are sung by the lower voice in long note values
sometimes called “sustained-note organum,” organum purum, or florid organum
Define clausulae
Clausulae are self-contained polyphonic sections, often based on a single word or syllable.
What is the first Notre Dame mode of rhythm?
- Short-short-short
- Long-short
- Short-long
- Long-long
- short-short-long
- long-short-short
- long long