Middle Ages Flashcards
Visigoths
A Germanic tribe who stated in Spain before the Ostrogoths
Ostrogoths
Another Germanic people, took control of Italy
Vandals
A Germanic tribe who invaded and vandals Rome
Franks
People who stayed on the European continent
Clovis
A military leader who established the Frankish kingdom, and was a Christian convert
Wergild
An idea of paying a fine based off your crime to someone
Ordeal
An idea of proving guilt in Germanic law based on divine intervention (opposite logic of Salem trials)
Bishopric
A group of parishes led by a bishop
Popes
Bishops of Rome known as Peter’s successor
Gregory 1
Aka Gregory the Great, strengthened the church
Monk
A man who isolated himself to devote himself to God
Monasticism
The practice of living life like a monk
Saint Benedict
A person who wrote a set of rules for the monk community he founded
Abbot
A person who led a community of monks, who they were expected to obey
Missionaries
When a person goes out to preach their religoon
Nuns
Women who live similar to monks
Abbesses
A leader of a convent, usually a descendant of royal English houses
Pépin
A man who took kingship for himself and his family
Charlemagne
Aka Charles the Great, the Frankish king after Pépin, could unify using the church
Missi dominici
Two men who ensured the Roman districts carried out the king’s wishes, set up by Charles
Magyars
People from Western Asia who moved into Central Europe
Muslims
People who came from Spain, and Africa and settled in Europe
Vikings
Norsemen from Scandinavia who pillaged many places, yet only settled in Kiev
Feudalism
When a lord would give protection to lesser people for service
Vassal
A man who served a lord in military
Knights
Heavily armed Calvary
Fief
A grant of land to a vassal
Feudal contract
Unwritten rules determining lord and vassal relationships
Tournaments
Contests where knights showed fighting skills
Chivalry
A code of ethics knights upheld
Eleanor of Aquitaine
A woman who had 2 husbands and 8 kids, who also created a court celebrating cultural activities
William of Normandy
A man who invaded England and took the throne from king Harold
Henry 2
A monarch who increases the royal courts power, increasing his in the process
Thomas a becket
An archbishop who believed catholic courts could try clerics, was killed by knights
King John
The monarch who made the Magna Carta aka the Great Charter
Edward 1
A man who reigned when parliament emerged
Parliament
A group of 2 knights, all nobles and 2 people from every town
House of Lords
Nobles and church lords
House of Commons
Knights and townspeople
Hugh Capet
The first king of the Capetian
Phillip 2 Augustus
Expanded France’s income and power, and expanded France
Louis 9
A ruler who was religious (a Catholic saint), and heard complaints in persom
Phillip 4
Aka Phillip the fair, expanded bureaucracy and made parliament,end with clergy, nobles, and peasants
Estates
Social classes
First estate
The clergy
Second estate
The nobles
Third estate
The townspeople and peasamts
Otto 1
A Saxon German king who controlled the church and was crowned emperor (a title previously only used in Rome)
Fredrick 1
An Italian king who tried to unite Rome, Papal States, and Italy unsuccessfully
Frederick 2
Another Italian king who tried to include the church in his empire
Slavs
People who formed Polish and Bohemian kingdoms
Cyril and Methodius
2 Byzantine brothers who were missionaries who converted eastern Slavics to Orthodox Christianity
Alexander Nevsky
A prince of Novgorod who was rewarded with the title of “grand prince” by the leader of the Mongol Empire
Justinian
An emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire which included Italy, Spain, Asia Minor, Palestine, Syria, and North Africa
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Christian’s church of the Byzantine Emoire
Patriarch
The head of the Orthodox Church, selected by emperor
Schism
A separation
Infidels
Non Christian’s, like Muslims
Urban 2
A person who encouraged Christian’s to join the Holy war
Saint Bernard of Clarivaux
A leader who fails to start another crusade
Saladin
A person who led Muslim forces and made Jerusalem fall
Frederick Barbarossa
1/3 rulers who attempted a 3rd crusade, but he drowned in a river
Richard 1
1/3 rulers who attempted a 3rd crusade, he negotiated access to the Holy Land
Phillip 2 Augustus
1/3 rulers who attempted a 3rd crusade
Pope Innocent 3
The person who started the 4th crusade
