High/late Middle Ages Flashcards
Manor
A farming estate where peasants/serfs worked
Serfs
Another name for peasants, people bonded to manors
Tithe
A payment of 1/10 of a peasant’s produce given to the local churches
Money economy
When money was traded for goods, instead of bartering
Commercial capitalism
When investing in trades to make a profit
Bourgeoisie
Artisans/merchants who built walls around new cities
Patricians
Wealthy families with influence who won the rigged elections
Guilds
A group of people in a business association
Apprentice
A person trying to become a master of a craft
Journeymen
The level over apprentices
Masterpiece
A finished piece of a craft made by a journeyman to be judged before becoming a master craftsman
Lay investiture
When secular people chose people to serve the Catholic Church
Pope Gregory VII
The pope who fought lay investiture by claiming the pope’s authority over Christian’s
Henry IV
The king of Germany who disagreed with Gregory’s claims
Pope innocent III
The pope during the height of the Catholic church’s political power, who also used interdict as a punishment
Interdict
When priest aren’t allowed to give sacraments to a group of people
Sacraments
Christian rites
Cistercians
People who were similar to the Benedictines, but preached in public
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
A person who embodied cistercian values and ideals
Hildegard of Bingen
A woman who wrote popular Gregorian chants in a time when only men’s music was popular
Franciscans
A religious order who lived in poverty following St Francis’s lead
Dominicans
Another religious order, who defended the church against heresy
St Francis of Assisi
A saint who gave up his wealthy life to follow Jesus in poverty
Hersey
The denial of basic doctrines
Relics
A link between the early world and god through the saints
Romanesque
(Time period) an architectural style with heavy walls and arched roofs
Gothic
(Time period) an architectural style with thin walls to support stained glass, and has pointed arches
Flying buttress
Heavy arched supports for the Romanesque heavy walls
Theology
The study of religion and god
Scholasticism
Theological studies with philosophy included
Vernacular
The language of everyday speach
Chanson de geste
Vernacular literature known as heroic peoms
Antisemitism
Hatred/hostility towards Jewish people
Pope boniface VIII
a pope who thought taxing clergy needed the popes approval
King Philip IV
The king who wanted to tax the clergy, and who elected the second pope of Rome
Clement V
The pope who Philip elected, lived in Avignon while the other pope lived in Rome
Pope urban VI
A pope elected because he was Italian, but his election was declared “invalid”
John Hus
A Czech guy who called for an end to the corruption of clergy, but was burned for heresy
Henry V
A king who won the battle of Agincourt during the 100 year war, making him believe he would win the war
Joan of Arc
A religious teen who convinced King Charles to give her an army, which helped France win the 100 year war
New monarchies
When French/Spanish/english rulers would establish a centralized power in the late 1400
Louis XI
A French king who enhanced France and made a taille
Taille
An annual tax on land/property
Henry VII
A king who created a royal government and stopped the war of the roses
Isabella
A catholic princess who married Ferdinand and ruled spain
Ferdinand
Isabella’s husband, together they tried to unify politics with a unified religion
Hapsburg dynasty
Held the position of holy Roman emperor, a wealthy family with an important role in European affairs
