Absolutism Flashcards
Militant
Combative religions
King Philip 2
Supporter of militant Catholicism, king of Spain after Charles V
Charles V
The old king of Spain
William the silent
The prince of orange, Dutch
Elizabeth Tudor
English ruler, made England Protestant nation
Armanda
A fleet of warships
French wars of religion
French civil wars centering around religion
Huguenots
French Protestants influenced by John Calvin
Henry of Navarre
Huguenot political leader after Henry 4, Catholic convert
Edict of Nantes
A document recognizing Catholicism as Frances official religioj
Inflation
The rising of prices
Witchcraft
The belief in magic
The peace of Westphalia
The document ending the 30 years war (“last religious war”), divided HRE into independent states
English revolution
A struggle between king and parliament’s rule over England
James 1
The first in the Stuart line, prior king of Scotland
Divine right of Kings
James 1’s belief that the king only served God, parliament disliked
Puritans
English Protestants inspired by Calvinist ideas
House of Commons
Lower house of parliament, made of Puritans
Charles 1
James’s son, didn’t like parliaments petition to limit his power
Cavaliers
Supporters of the king
Roundheads
Parliament forces
New Model Army
A new type of military made of puritans
Oliver Cromwell
A military genius who purged parliament
Independents
More extreme puritans
Rump parliament
Members of parliament who supported Cromwell, executed Charles 1
House of Lords
The next thing abolished by parliment
Commonwealth
A republic
Charles 2
Son of Charles 1, returned to England to monarchy, lead restoration period/brought back Stuart line
James 2
King after Charles 2, Catholic, made Catholics hold high positions
William and Mary
Rulers of England after James 2, ruled when nobles wanted to overthrow government (became rulers after revolution)
Absolutism
When rulers hold total power
Louis XIII
The best example of absolutism, his rule was imitated by Europe
Cardinal Richelieu
Louis 13 chief minister, strengthened monarchy
Louis 14
The next ruler, became king at 4
Cardinal Mazarin
The person who ruled for Louis 14, crushed a noble lead revolt, tried imitating Richelieu
Royal council
A group of royal advisors
Bourbon dynasty
The family of Louis 14
Frederick William the Great Elector
A person who laid the foundation for Prussian state, built a large and efficient army
General War Commissariat
A person who levies taxes for the army
Austrian Hapsburgs
The family who ruled the HRE, lost German empire, made new European empires
Ivan 4
The first Russian czar
Czar
Russian word for Caesar
Boyars
The power of Russian nobility
Ivan the terrible
Another name for Ivan 4, acted ruthless
Micheal Romanov
The czar chosen after Ivan, ended Time of Troubles
Peter the Great
Absolutist Romanov, believed in Divine Right, made Russia a great military power
Mannerism
The thing ending the artistic renaissance, broke down renaissance principals (less realism etc)
El Greco
Means the Greek, helped mannerism reach its peak
Baroque
The movement after mannerism, adopted by Catholic Reform, used dramatic effects/lighting
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Greatest figure of Baroque period, Italian architect and sculptor, built St Peter’s Basilica in Rome
Caravaggio
Italian Baroque artist, depicted everyday experience
Artemisia Gentileschi
Female artist who was elected for the Florentine Academy of Design
Peter Paul Rubens
Spanish Netherlands/Florence Baroque painter, painted many genres
William Shakespeare
A dramatist who appeared in London, realtor/actor/playwright
Lord Chamberlains Men
The chief theater company of the time
Miguel de Cervantes
Spanish author who wrote Don Quixote
Sancho Panza
A character in Don Quixote who was a realist
Lope de Vega
A play writer who made many (surviving) plays, seen as realistic
Thomas Hobbes
An English political thinker, wrote about disorder without society
Social contract
A contract between people and a government
John Locke
Wrote a controversial political book, believed in equality before society
Natural Rights
The rights people are born with (life, liberty, ownership of property)
