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Praxis > Middle Ages > Flashcards

Middle Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?

A

Constantinople

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2
Q

Who founded Constantinople?

A

Emperor Constantine I

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3
Q

In what year was Constantinople founded?

A

330 CE

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4
Q

Which emperor codified Roman law?

A

Emperor Justinian I

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5
Q

What is the name of the law code Justinian I created?

A

Corpus Juris Civilis

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6
Q

Who was Empress Theodora?

A

Wife of Justinian I

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7
Q

What significant building did Justinian I construct?

A

Hagia Sophia

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8
Q

When did Justinian I reign?

A

527–565 CE

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9
Q

Who legalized Christianity through the Edict of Milan?

A

Constantine

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10
Q

What did Theodosius I make Christianity?

A

State religion

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11
Q

Which church influenced the Christianization of Eastern Europe?

A

Byzantine Church

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12
Q

What year did the Great Schism occur?

A

1054

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13
Q

What two branches emerged from the Great Schism?

A

Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy

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14
Q

What caused the decline of the Byzantine Empire?

A

Internal strife, economic troubles, external threats

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15
Q

What event in 1204 severely weakened the Byzantine Empire?

A

Fourth Crusade

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16
Q

When did the Byzantine Empire fall to the Ottoman Turks?

A

1453

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17
Q

What marked the end of the Middle Ages?

A

Fall of Byzantine Empire

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18
Q

In which century did Islam emerge?

A

7th century CE

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19
Q

Who was the prophet of Islam?

A

Muhammad

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20
Q

What helped Islam expand beyond Arabia?

A

Military conquests, trade, missionary activities

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21
Q

What were the major Islamic empires that expanded influence?

A

Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates

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22
Q

What contributions did Islamic scholars make?

A

Science, medicine, mathematics, philosophy

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23
Q

What initiated the Crusades?

A

Religious wars for Holy Land

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24
Q

Who launched the First Crusade?

A

Pope Urban II

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25
Q

When did the First Crusade begin?

A

1096

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26
Q

What was a result of the First Crusade?

A

Captured Jerusalem in 1099

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27
Q

How successful were subsequent Crusades?

A

Less successful

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28
Q

What was the impact of the Crusades?

A

Increased trade and cultural exchanges

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29
Q

What societal structure dominated Medieval Europe?

A

Feudalism

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30
Q

What did kings and nobles grant to vassals?

A

Land (fiefs)

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31
Q

What was exchanged for military service in feudalism?

A

Land (fiefs)

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32
Q

Who worked the land in medieval society?

A

Peasants (serfs)

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33
Q

What limited rights did peasants have?

A

Limited rights and freedoms

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34
Q

What was the manorial system?

A

Economic structure of feudalism

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35
Q

What did manors include?

A

Lord’s house, farmland, village, church

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36
Q

Who provided labor on manors?

A

Serfs

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37
Q

What role did the Catholic Church play in medieval Europe?

A

Most powerful institution

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38
Q

What were monasteries centers of?

A

Learning

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39
Q

What did the Church hold significant of?

A

Land and wealth

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40
Q

What was the Investiture Controversy?

A

Conflicts between rulers and Church

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41
Q

Who unified much of Western Europe and became Emperor in 800?

A

Charlemagne

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42
Q

What major event killed about one-third of Europe’s population?

A

The Black Death

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43
Q

What years did the Hundred Years’ War take place?

A

1337-1453

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44
Q

What did the Hundred Years’ War lead to?

A

Decline of feudalism

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45
Q

When did the Black Death occur?

A

1347-1351

46
Q

Who founded the Byzantine Empire?

A

Emperor Constantine I

47
Q

When was Constantinople established as the capital?

A

330 CE

48
Q

What was the Byzantine Empire also known as?

A

Eastern Roman Empire

49
Q

What was the location of the Byzantine Empire?

A

Between Europe and Asia

50
Q

Who was Justinian I?

A

Emperor from 527-565 CE

51
Q

What did Justinian I attempt regarding the Roman Empire?

A

Restore former territories

52
Q

What codified Roman law?

A

Corpus Juris Civilis

53
Q

What became the foundation of legal systems in Europe?

A

Corpus Juris Civilis

54
Q

What significant architectural achievement was constructed?

A

Hagia Sophia

55
Q

What traditions were preserved?

A

Greek and Roman

56
Q

What religion was promoted as the state religion?

A

Christianity

57
Q

Which Christianity spread due to promotion?

A

Eastern Orthodox

58
Q

How did Christianity initially spread?

A

Missionary work

59
Q

What legal action did Emperor Constantine take regarding Christianity?

A

Edict of Milan, 313 CE

60
Q

When did Emperor Theodosius I declare Christianity the official religion?

A

380 CE

61
Q

What was the purpose of the Council of Nicaea?

A

Unify Christian doctrine

62
Q

What significant document resulted from the Council of Nicaea?

A

Nicene Creed

63
Q

What event is known as The Great Schism?

A

Split of churches, 1054

64
Q

What were the main reasons for The Great Schism?

A

Theological and political differences

65
Q

What weakened the Byzantine Empire?

A

Political instability, corruption, economic troubles

66
Q

What contributed to internal division in the Byzantine Empire?

A

Religious controversies, disputes with Western Church

67
Q

Who were the external threats to the Byzantine Empire?

A

Persians, Slavs, Arabs, Seljuk Turks

68
Q

What significant event happened in 1204?

A

Sacking of Constantinople

69
Q

What was a critical consequence of the Fourth Crusade?

A

Weakened Byzantine Empire

70
Q

In what year did Constantinople fall?

A

1453

71
Q

Who founded Islam?

A

Muhammad

72
Q

Where was Islam founded?

A

Mecca

73
Q

What did Muhammad’s teachings promote?

A

Monotheism and submission to Allah

74
Q

What occurred after Muhammad’s death?

A

Expansion of Islamic Caliphates

75
Q

What were the names of the Islamic caliphates?

A

Umayyad and Abbasid

76
Q

How did Islam spread by the 8th century?

A

Military conquests, trade, missionary efforts

77
Q

Where did Islam spread in the 8th century?

A

Middle East, North Africa, Europe

78
Q

What knowledge did Islamic civilization preserve?

A

Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian

79
Q

What advancements did Islamic civilization make?

A

Mathematics, medicine, astronomy, philosophy

80
Q

Who initiated the Crusades?

A

Pope Urban II

81
Q

When did the Crusades begin?

A

1095

82
Q

What was the main goal of the Crusades?

A

Reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims

83
Q

What other reason did people have for joining the Crusades?

A

Wealth and land

84
Q

What religious incentive was offered to Crusaders?

A

Indulgences

85
Q

Which Crusade captured Jerusalem?

A

First Crusade

86
Q

What was the duration of the Third Crusade?

A

1189-1192

87
Q

Who led the Third Crusade?

A

European kings

88
Q

What was the main goal of the Third Crusade?

A

Recapture Jerusalem

89
Q

What was the outcome of the Fourth Crusade?

A

Sacking of Constantinople

90
Q

What did the Fourth Crusade weaken?

A

Byzantine Empire

91
Q

What was one impact of the Crusades?

A

Increased cultural exchanges

92
Q

What tension heightened due to the Crusades?

A

Between Christians and Muslims

93
Q

What stimulated trade and economic growth in Europe?

A

Feudalism and Manorialism

94
Q

What is the Feudal System?

A

Hierarchical land ownership

95
Q

Who granted land to nobles in the Feudal System?

A

The king

96
Q

What did nobles grant to knights?

A

Land for military service

97
Q

What is the Manorial System?

A

Economic foundation of feudalism

98
Q

What do manors represent?

A

Self-sufficient estates

99
Q

Who worked the land in the Manorial System?

A

Serfs

100
Q

What did serfs receive in exchange for working the land?

A

Protection

101
Q

What limited the rights of serfs?

A

Being bound to the manor

102
Q

What was the central institution in medieval Europe?

A

Catholic Church

103
Q

What role did monasteries play in medieval Europe?

A

Preserved knowledge

104
Q

What controversy involved a dispute over church officials’ appointments?

A

Investiture Controversy

105
Q

Who united much of Western Europe under the Carolingian Empire?

A

Charlemagne

106
Q

When was Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the Romans?

A

800

107
Q

What did the Carolingian Renaissance promote?

A

Learning, art, culture

108
Q

What years did the Black Death occur?

A

1347-1351

109
Q

What fraction of Europe’s population was killed by the Black Death?

A

About one-third

110
Q

What were the years of the Hundred Years’ War?

A

1337-1453

111
Q

What was the Hundred Years’ War about?

A

Territorial claims, royal succession

112
Q

What did the Hundred Years’ War contribute to?

A

Decline of feudalism, national identities

Praxis (10 decks)

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